Table. Demographic Characteristics and Outcomes for the Main Analysis of Patients With a Diagnosis of Bronchiolitis in Any Position.
| Demographic characteristic or outcome | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2019 | P value for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total bronchiolitis hospitalizations, No. | 29 270 | 33 180 | 32 218 | 41 011 | 47 453 | 53 611 | NA |
| Bronchiolitis in first discharge diagnosis position, % (95% CI) | 45.7 (45.1-46.3) | 45.2 (44.6-45.7) | 39.9 (39.4-40.4) | 37.2 (36.8-37.7) | 34.8 (34.4-35.2) | 33.9 (33.5-34.3) | <.001 |
| Respiratory failure in first discharge diagnosis position, % (95% CI) | 0.7 (0.6-0.8) | 0.9 (0.8-1.0) | 1.4 (1.3-1.6) | 5.3 (5.1-5.5) | 9.5 (9.2-9.8) | 11.4 (11.2-11.7) | <.001 |
| Observation status, % (95% CI) | 15.2 (14.8-15.6) | 22.7 (22.2-23.1) | 25.1 (24.7-25.6) | 25.4 (24.9-25.8) | 24.5 (24.1-25.5) | 25.1 (24.7-25.5) | <.001 |
| Patient demographic characteristics | |||||||
| CCC, No. (%) | 4350 (14.9) | 4993 (15.0) | 5761 (17.9) | 7878 (19.2) | 8723 (18.4) | 9600 (17.9) | <.001 |
| Male, No. (%) | 17 016 (58.1) | 19 422 (58.5) | 19 142 (59.4) | 24 199 (59.0) | 28 059 (59.1) | 31 566 (58.9) | .01 |
| Age, mean (SD), mo | 6.5 (6.1) | 6.8 (6.2) | 7.5 (6.3) | 7.7 (6.4) | 8.1 (6.5) | 8.2 (6.5) | <.001 |
| Race, No. (%) | |||||||
| American Indian | 303 (1.0) | 372 (1.1) | 205 (0.6) | 228 (0.6) | 256 (0.5) | 270 (0.5) | <.001 |
| Asian | 641 (2.2) | 701 (2.1) | 856 (2.7) | 1159 (2.8) | 1428 (3.1) | 1699 (3.2) | <.001 |
| Black | 5427 (18.5) | 6590 (19.9) | 6954 (21.6) | 8817 (21.5) | 10 423 (22.0) | 11 543 (21.5) | <.001 |
| Pacific Islander | 130 (0.4) | 223 (0.7) | 247 (0.8) | 277 (0.7) | 375 (0.8) | 453 (0.8) | <.001 |
| White | 16 171 (55.2) | 17 767(53.5) | 17 490 (54.3) | 22 233 (54.2) | 26 311 (55.4) | 29 892 (55.8) | <.001 |
| Other | 5433 (18.6) | 5071 (15.3) | 5176 (16.1) | 6079 (14.8) | 6164 (13.0) | 7022 (13.1) | <.001 |
| Missing | 1165 (4.0) | 2456 (7.4) | 1290 (4.0) | 2218 (5.4) | 2496 (5.3) | 2732 (5.1) | .014 |
| Ethnicity, No. (%) | |||||||
| Hispanic | 8056 (27.5) | 7909 (23.8) | 7985 (24.8) | 9417 (23.0) | 10 321 (21.7) | 12 549 (23.4) | <.001 |
| Not Hispanic | 16 484 (56.3) | 21 452 (64.7) | 21 251 (66.0) | 28 352 (69.1) | 33 936 (71.5) | 37 772 (70.5) | <.001 |
| Missing | 4730 (16.2) | 3819 (11.5) | 2982 (9.3) | 3242 (7.9) | 3196 (6.7) | 3290 (6.1) | <.001 |
| Insurance, No. (%) | |||||||
| Public | 19 301 (65.9) | 22 541 (67.9) | 21 916 (68.0) | 26 836 (65.4) | 30 477 (64.2) | 33 043 (61.6) | <.001 |
| Private | 9911 (33.9) | 10 109 (30.5) | 10 172 (31.6) | 13 749 (33.5) | 16 590 (35.0) | 19 392 (36.2) | <.001 |
| Missing | 58 (0.2) | 530 (1.6) | 130 (0.4) | 426 (1.0) | 386 (0.8) | 1176 (2.2) | <.001 |
| APR-DRG | |||||||
| Bronchiolitisa | 78.1 (77.6-78.6) | 79.8 (79.4-80.3) | 75.5 (75.1-76.0) | 69.4 (68.9-69.8) | 65.3 (64.8-65.7) | 59.3 (58.9-59.8 | <.001 |
| Respiratory failurea | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) | 1.4 (1.2-1.5) | 3.5 (3.3-3.7) | 9.2 (8.9-9.5) | 14.6 (14.2-14.9) | 21.6 (21.2-21.9) | <.001 |
| Othera | 20.8 (20.3-21.2) | 18.9 (18.4-19.3) | 20.9 (20.5-21.3) | 21.4 (21.0-21.8) | 20.2 (19.9-20.6) | 19.0 (18.7-19.4) | .528 |
| Total hospital length of stay, median (95% CI), da | 2.0 (2.0-2.0) | 2.0 (2.0-2.0) | 2.0 (2.0-2.0) | 2.0 (2.0-2.0) | 2.0 (2.0-2.0) | 2.0 (2.0-2.0) | >.99 |
| ICU admissiona | 12.4 (12.1-12.8) | 15.4 (15.0-15.8) | 17.9 (17.5-18.3) | 22.1 (21.7-22.5) | 25.4 (25.1-25.9) | 26.9 (26.5-27.2) | <.001 |
| ICU length of stay, median (95% CI), da | 3.1 (3.1-3.2) | 2.7 (2.7-2.8) | 2.7 (2.7-2.8 | 2.7 (2.6-2.7) | 2.5 (2.5-2.5) | 2.4 (2.4-2.5) | <.001 |
| Mechanical ventilationa | |||||||
| Invasive | 3.8 (3.6-4.0) | 3.7 (3.5-3.8) | 3.7 (3.5-3.9) | 4.3 (4.1-4.4) | 4.0 (3.9-4.2) | 3.5 (3.4-3.7) | .002 |
| Noninvasive | 1.6 (1.5-1.8) | 2.6 (2.4-2.8) | 4.0 (3.8-4.2) | 6.1 (5.9-6.4) | 8.8 (8.6-9.1) | 9.8 (9.6-10.1) | <.001 |
| Mortalitya | 0.1 (0.1-0.1) | 0.1 (0.1-0.1) | 0.1 (0.1-0.1) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.1) | .19 |
Abbreviations: APR-DRG, All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Group; CCC, complex chronic condition; ICU, intensive care unit.
a
Outcomes were adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and insurance status.