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. 2021 Oct 26;4(10):e2129920. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29920

Table. Demographic Characteristics and Outcomes for the Main Analysis of Patients With a Diagnosis of Bronchiolitis in Any Position.

Demographic characteristic or outcome 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2019 P value for trend
Total bronchiolitis hospitalizations, No. 29 270 33 180 32 218 41 011 47 453 53 611 NA
Bronchiolitis in first discharge diagnosis position, % (95% CI) 45.7 (45.1-46.3) 45.2 (44.6-45.7) 39.9 (39.4-40.4) 37.2 (36.8-37.7) 34.8 (34.4-35.2) 33.9 (33.5-34.3) <.001
Respiratory failure in first discharge diagnosis position, % (95% CI) 0.7 (0.6-0.8) 0.9 (0.8-1.0) 1.4 (1.3-1.6) 5.3 (5.1-5.5) 9.5 (9.2-9.8) 11.4 (11.2-11.7) <.001
Observation status, % (95% CI) 15.2 (14.8-15.6) 22.7 (22.2-23.1) 25.1 (24.7-25.6) 25.4 (24.9-25.8) 24.5 (24.1-25.5) 25.1 (24.7-25.5) <.001
Patient demographic characteristics
CCC, No. (%) 4350 (14.9) 4993 (15.0) 5761 (17.9) 7878 (19.2) 8723 (18.4) 9600 (17.9) <.001
Male, No. (%) 17 016 (58.1) 19 422 (58.5) 19 142 (59.4) 24 199 (59.0) 28 059 (59.1) 31 566 (58.9) .01
Age, mean (SD), mo 6.5 (6.1) 6.8 (6.2) 7.5 (6.3) 7.7 (6.4) 8.1 (6.5) 8.2 (6.5) <.001
Race, No. (%)
American Indian 303 (1.0) 372 (1.1) 205 (0.6) 228 (0.6) 256 (0.5) 270 (0.5) <.001
Asian 641 (2.2) 701 (2.1) 856 (2.7) 1159 (2.8) 1428 (3.1) 1699 (3.2) <.001
Black 5427 (18.5) 6590 (19.9) 6954 (21.6) 8817 (21.5) 10 423 (22.0) 11 543 (21.5) <.001
Pacific Islander 130 (0.4) 223 (0.7) 247 (0.8) 277 (0.7) 375 (0.8) 453 (0.8) <.001
White 16 171 (55.2) 17 767(53.5) 17 490 (54.3) 22 233 (54.2) 26 311 (55.4) 29 892 (55.8) <.001
Other 5433 (18.6) 5071 (15.3) 5176 (16.1) 6079 (14.8) 6164 (13.0) 7022 (13.1) <.001
Missing 1165 (4.0) 2456 (7.4) 1290 (4.0) 2218 (5.4) 2496 (5.3) 2732 (5.1) .014
Ethnicity, No. (%)
Hispanic 8056 (27.5) 7909 (23.8) 7985 (24.8) 9417 (23.0) 10 321 (21.7) 12 549 (23.4) <.001
Not Hispanic 16 484 (56.3) 21 452 (64.7) 21 251 (66.0) 28 352 (69.1) 33 936 (71.5) 37 772 (70.5) <.001
Missing 4730 (16.2) 3819 (11.5) 2982 (9.3) 3242 (7.9) 3196 (6.7) 3290 (6.1) <.001
Insurance, No. (%)
Public 19 301 (65.9) 22 541 (67.9) 21 916 (68.0) 26 836 (65.4) 30 477 (64.2) 33 043 (61.6) <.001
Private 9911 (33.9) 10 109 (30.5) 10 172 (31.6) 13 749 (33.5) 16 590 (35.0) 19 392 (36.2) <.001
Missing 58 (0.2) 530 (1.6) 130 (0.4) 426 (1.0) 386 (0.8) 1176 (2.2) <.001
APR-DRG
Bronchiolitisa 78.1 (77.6-78.6) 79.8 (79.4-80.3) 75.5 (75.1-76.0) 69.4 (68.9-69.8) 65.3 (64.8-65.7) 59.3 (58.9-59.8 <.001
Respiratory failurea 1.2 (1.1-1.3) 1.4 (1.2-1.5) 3.5 (3.3-3.7) 9.2 (8.9-9.5) 14.6 (14.2-14.9) 21.6 (21.2-21.9) <.001
Othera 20.8 (20.3-21.2) 18.9 (18.4-19.3) 20.9 (20.5-21.3) 21.4 (21.0-21.8) 20.2 (19.9-20.6) 19.0 (18.7-19.4) .528
Total hospital length of stay, median (95% CI), da 2.0 (2.0-2.0) 2.0 (2.0-2.0) 2.0 (2.0-2.0) 2.0 (2.0-2.0) 2.0 (2.0-2.0) 2.0 (2.0-2.0) >.99
ICU admissiona 12.4 (12.1-12.8) 15.4 (15.0-15.8) 17.9 (17.5-18.3) 22.1 (21.7-22.5) 25.4 (25.1-25.9) 26.9 (26.5-27.2) <.001
ICU length of stay, median (95% CI), da 3.1 (3.1-3.2) 2.7 (2.7-2.8) 2.7 (2.7-2.8 2.7 (2.6-2.7) 2.5 (2.5-2.5) 2.4 (2.4-2.5) <.001
Mechanical ventilationa
Invasive 3.8 (3.6-4.0) 3.7 (3.5-3.8) 3.7 (3.5-3.9) 4.3 (4.1-4.4) 4.0 (3.9-4.2) 3.5 (3.4-3.7) .002
Noninvasive 1.6 (1.5-1.8) 2.6 (2.4-2.8) 4.0 (3.8-4.2) 6.1 (5.9-6.4) 8.8 (8.6-9.1) 9.8 (9.6-10.1) <.001
Mortalitya 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.1 (0.1-0.2) 0.1 (0.1-0.2) 0.1 (0.1-0.1) .19

Abbreviations: APR-DRG, All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Group; CCC, complex chronic condition; ICU, intensive care unit.

a

Outcomes were adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and insurance status.