Table 1.
Baseline characteristics comparison between NAFLD patients and control subjects
| Parameter | Control (n = 92) | NAFLD (n = 51) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59.0 (55.0–66.0) | 56.0 (54.0–61.0) | 0.273 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 3.6 | 29.3 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 93.2 ± 11.1 | 103.6 ± 9.6 | < 0.001 |
| WHR | 0.97 (0.92–1.00) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 0.002 |
| Weight (kg) | 68.7 (61.0–79.5) | 80.7 (73.5–89.0) | < 0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 205.5 ± 39.4 | 207.3 ± 37.0 | 0.779 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 121.6 ± 33.7 | 124.6 ± 28.7 | 0.594 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 57.4 ± 12.5 | 51.9 ± 11.1 | 0.007 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 112.0 (82.0–158.0) | 148.5 (112.5–186.0) | 0.016 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.5 ± 21.3 | 144.9 ± 23.7 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.9 ± 11.0 | 86.8 ± 12.4 | 0.001 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 92.71 ± 9.00 | 99.57 ± 11.21 | < 0.001 |
| Visceral fat (%) | 46.5 ± 20.7 | 70.2 ± 18.0 | < 0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 18.5 (15.0–22.0) | 22.0 (19.5–27.0) | < 0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 15.5 (11.0–22.0) | 31.5 (23.0–41.0) | < 0.001 |
| GGT (U/L) | 22.37 (17.40–29.10) | 28.65 (23.53–38.50) | < 0.001 |
| LS (kPa) | 3.8 (3.3–4.3) | 5.0 (4.2–6.6) | < 0.001 |
| cIMT (mm) | 0.8 (0.75–0.87) | 0.81 (0.74–0.91) | 0.863 |
| HOI | 0.92 ± 0.19 | 0.95 ± 0.24 | 0.405 |
| HOI ≥ 1 frequency (%) | 33.69 | 41.17 | 0.468 |
| SOD (U/mg protein) | 10.7 ± 1.5 | 8.6 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 |
| MDA (µM) | 33.2 (25.0–42.3) | 34.0 (30.4–47.7) | 0.771 |
| PON1 (U/L) | 24.4 (17.7–31.1) | 42.2 (27.7–52.2) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 27.90 | 47.36 | 0.021 |
Comparisons between groups were performed using Independent Student’s t test or Mann–Whitney U test as appropriate. Continuous data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median and (interquartile range), categorical data as percentages
BMI body mass index; WC waist circumference; WHR waist to hip ratio; TC total cholesterol; LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG triglycerides; AST aspartate amino transferase; ALT alanine amino transferase; GGT gamma glutamyl transferase; LS liver stiffness; cIMT carotid intima-media thickness; MDA malondialdehyde; PON1 paraoxonase 1; SOD superoxide dismutase; HOI HDL oxidative index
P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant