Table 1.
General characteristics of study participants
| Characteristic | Total (N = 9426) |
LDL-C/HDL-C tertile | P- value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (n = 3168) | T2 (n = 3128) | T3 (n = 3168) | |||
| Sex, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Male | 4615(49.0) | 1438(45.9) | 1466(46.3) | 1711(54.7) | |
| Female | 4811(51.0) | 1692(54.1) | 1702(53.7) | 1417(45.3) | |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 64.0(59.0–69.0) | 65.0(60.0–70.0) | 64.0(58.0–69.0) | 64.0(58.0–69.0) | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg, median (IQR) | 140.0(128.0–156.0) | 139.0(125.0–154.0) | 140.0(129.0–157.0) | 141.0(130.0–160.0) | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg, median (IQR) | 82.0(77.0–90.0) | 80.0(75.0–90.0) | 83.0(77.0–90.0) | 85.0(80.0–91.0) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, %, median (IQR) | 6.1(5.6–7.0) | 5.9(5.6–6.7) | 6.0(5.6–7.0) | 6.2(5.7–7.4) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 4161(44.1) | 1251(40.0) | 1317(41.6) | 1593(50.9) | < 0.001 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 5316(56.4) | 1591(50.8) | 1665(52.6) | 2060(65.9) | < 0.001 |
| TG, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.4(1.0–2.0) | 1.1(0.9–1.6) | 1.5(1.0–2.0) | 1.8(1.3–2.4) | < 0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 4.6(3.9–5.3) | 3.9(3.2–4.5) | 4.6(4.0–5.1) | 5.2(4.6–6.0) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.0(0.9–1.2) | 1.2(1.0–1.4) | 1.01(0.96–1.21) | 1.0(0.8–1.1) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 2.8(2.0–3.4) | 2.0(1.6–2.4) | 2.8(2.3–3.2) | 3.5(3.0–4.0) | < 0.001 |
| Non-HDL-C, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 3.5(2.8–4.2) | 2.6(2.1–3.1) | 3.5(3.0–4.0) | 4.3(3.7–4.9) | < 0.001 |
| TC/HDL-C, median (IQR) | 4.2(3.5–5.2) | 3.2(2.8–3.6) | 4.2(3.9–4.6) | 5.5(5.0–6.2) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C/HDL-C, median (IQR) | 2.6(2.0–3.3) | 1.7(1.4–2.0) | 2.6(2.4–2.8) | 3.6(3.3–4.2) | < 0.001 |
| TG/HDL-C, median (IQR) | 1.4(0.9–2.1) | 0.9(0.6–1.4) | 1.3(1.0–2.1) | 1.9(1.4–2.7) | < 0.001 |
| Non-HDL-C/HDL-C, median (IQR) | 3.2(2.5–4.2) | 2.2(1.8–2.6) | 3.2(2.9–3.6) | 4.5(4.0–5.2) | < 0.001 |
| CIMT, mm, median (IQR) | 1.0(0.9–1.2) | 1.0(0.9–1.2) | 1.0(0.9–1.2) | 1.0(0.9–1.2) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 7443(79.0) | 2300(73.5) | 2518(79.5) | 2625(83.9) | < 0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 4320(45.8) | 1281(73.5) | 1452(45.8) | 1587(50.7) | < 0.001 |
| Current antilipidemic medication, n (%) | 6218(65.9) | 2086(66.6) | 2130(67.2) | 2002(64.0) | < 0.001 |
| Current antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 6869(72.8) | 2314(73.9) | 2331(73.5) | 2224(71.0) | < 0.001 |
| Carotid plaque, n (%) | 6989(74.1) | 2228(71.2) | 2244(70.8) | 2517(80.5) | |
| No. of carotid plaque, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| 1 | 365(5.2) | 98(4.4) | 110(4.9) | 157(6.2) | |
| ≥ 2 | 6624(94.8) | 2130(95.6) | 2134(95.1) | 2360(93.8) | |
| Carotid plaque echo property, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Hypoechoic plaque | 454(6.5) | 136(6.1) | 164(7.3) | 154(6.1) | |
| Isoechoic plaque | 510(7.3) | 140(6.3) | 150(6.7) | 220(8.7) | |
| Hyperechoic plaque | 3950(56.5) | 1293(58.0) | 1276(56.7) | 1381(54.9) | |
| Mixture plaque | 2075(29.7) | 659(29.6) | 654(29.1) | 762(30.3) | |
T1: LDL-C/HDL-C < 2.15; T2: 2.15 ≤ LDL-C/HDL-C ≤ 3; T3: LDL-C/HDL-C > 3. Data are presented as median (interquartile) or number (proportion, %); P-value was calculated by Kruskal-Wallis test
SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglycerides, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IQR Interquartile range