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. 2021 Oct 26;17:339. doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-03052-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Radiographic images of the thoracic limbs of adult horses illustrating in (a): positioning of the 15-cm long totally implantable catheter, model Life-Port Titanium Infant 7.5 Fr in the cephalic vein during the peri-operative period of implantation. In (b): positioning of the 46-cm long totally implantable catheter model Life-Port Titanium Infant 7.5 Fr in the cephalic vein passing through the carpal joint and ending in the middle third of the third metacarpal bone (c). In (d): 24 h after the catheter implantation, standing position; the image shows a steeper curvature of the catheter at the site of coupling to the reservoir (arrow) and the more distal positioning of the reservoir relative to the ulna when compared to the same horse displayed in the image (a)