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. 2021 Aug 9;7(8):000633. doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000633

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© 2021 The Authors

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 5. — Neighbour-joining phylogeny of S. Typhi in association with year of receipt, AMR and travel. Phylogenetic tree of cgMLST analysis of S. Typhi strains generated using the neighbour-joining method and mapped against three categories: inner ring, travel; middle ring, AMR (XDR, extensively drug resistant strains; MDR, multidrug resistant strains; Cip R, ciprofloxacin-resistant strains; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing strains; Chlor R, chloramphenicol-resistant strains); outer ring, year. Multidrug resistance is predominantly associated with the HC5_1452 cluster associated with travel to Pakistan containing a sub-cluster of XDR strains (red dashed line box), predominantly occurring in 2019. Other smaller MDR clusters are distributed throughout the phylogeny and are associated with different regions of Africa (blue dashed line box).