Table 1.
Demographic data and pre-existing comorbidities in 448 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients classified by disease severity of COVID-19
|
Characteristic |
Total (n=448) |
Disease severity |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Death/severe (n=102) |
Moderate (n=236) |
Mild (n=110) |
P-value* |
Significance* |
||
|
Age (mean±sd, years) |
71.04±18.29 |
79.92±15.33 |
73.25±16.59 |
58.05±17.50 |
1.49×10−12 |
*** |
|
Age >60 years (%) |
321 (71.6 %) |
91 (89.2 %) |
185 (78.4 %) |
45 (41.0 %) |
1.11×10−8 |
*** |
|
Male (%) |
205 (45.7 %) |
49 (48.0 %) |
122 (51.7 %) |
34 (31.0 %) |
1.40×10−12 |
*** |
|
Female (%) |
243 (54.2 %) |
53 (52.0 %) |
114 (48.3 %) |
76 (69.1 %) |
||
|
Hypertension (%) |
236 (52.7 %) |
69 (67.6 %) |
134 (56.8 %) |
33 (30.0 %) |
1.14×10−12 |
*** |
|
Cardiac disease (%) |
142 (31.7 %) |
42 (41.2 %) |
73 (30.9 %) |
27 (24.5 %) |
1.35×10−12 |
*** |
|
Diabetes (%) |
8 (1.8 %) |
2 (2.0 %) |
5 (2.1 %) |
1 (0.9 %) |
1.08×10−12 |
*** |
|
Obesity (%) |
17 (3.8 %) |
5 (4.9 %) |
8 (3.4 %) |
4 (3.6 %) |
1.37×10−12 |
*** |
|
Asthma (%) |
29 (6.5 %) |
8 (7.8 %) |
16 (6.8 %) |
5 (4.5 %) |
1.42×10−12 |
*** |
|
COPD (%) |
15 (3.3 %) |
4 (3.9 %) |
8 (3.4 %) |
3 (2.7 %) |
1.34×10−12 |
*** |
|
Hospitalization (%)† |
365 (81.5 %) |
102 (100 %) |
236 (100 %) |
27 (24.5 %) |
1.21×10−12 |
*** |
|
ICU admission (%)‡ |
36 (8.0 %) |
33 (32.3 %) |
2 (0.8 %) |
1 (0.9 %) |
1.16×10−12 |
*** |
|
Conventional oxygen therapy (%) |
288 (64.3 %) |
102 (100 %) |
183 (77.5 %) |
3 (2.7 %) |
1.10×10−12 |
*** |
|
Invasive mechanical ventilation (%) |
19 (4.2 %) |
19 (18.6 %) |
0 (0 %) |
0 (0 %) |
1.25×10−12 |
*** |
|
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (%)§ |
21 (4.7 %) |
20 (19.6 %) |
1 (0.4 %) |
0 (0 %) |
1.27×10−12 |
*** |
|
High-flow nasal cannulas (%) |
19 (4.2 %) |
19 (18.6 %) |
0 (0 %) |
0 (0 %) |
1.43×10−12 |
*** |
|
Survival 90 days after diagnosis (%)|| |
366 (81.7 %) |
27 (26.5 %) |
233 (98.7 %) |
106 (96.4 %) |
8.44×10−13 |
*** |
|
Days since symptom onset¶ |
7.84±6.40 |
7.57±6.62 |
8.26±6.53 |
3.25±0.50 |
2.81×10−12 |
*** |
*P-values indicate correlation between viral load and disease severity after adjusting for the baseline characteristics, pre-existing comorbilities, hospitalization, oxygen therapy and mortality. Statistical significance: ***P <0.001; ANCOVA test.
†Exceptions are the following: the 27 patients classified as mild COVID-19 were hospitalized for causes other than SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the group moderate COVID-19, one patient was hospitalized for causes other than SARS-CoV-2 infection, but was assigned to this group due to COVID-19 pneumonia according to the clinical history.
‡Exceptions are the following: two patients in the group moderate COVID-19 and one patient in the group mild COVID-19 were admitted to the ICU for causes other than SARS-CoV-2 infection.
§Exceptions are the following: in the group moderate COVID-19, one patient required non-invasive mechanical ventilation during hospitalization due to a previous pathology.
||Exceptions are the following: three patients in the group moderate COVID-19 and four patients in the group mild COVID-19 died during the 90 days after diagnosis due to pathologies prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
¶Data available for 102 patients.