Smooth LPS from S. enterica enhance CVB3 stability. (A) Basic structure of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The O-antigen can have repeating oligosaccharide units (designated n). (B) We incubated 105 PFU of CVB3 in 1 mg/ml concentration of LPS from a smooth strain of S. enterica, E. coli (0127), E. coli (0111), a rough strain of E. coli (DH5α), or mannan. (C) We incubated 105 PFU of CVB3 with 107 CFU of rough E. coli (DH5α, K-12) or smooth E. coli (O157) at 37°C for 6 h. (D) We incubated 105 PFU of CVB3 with 1 mg/ml of LPS from a smooth or a rough strain of S. Minnesota. Data represent 4 independent experiments (n = 8). Bars represent mean ± SEM; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA.