FIGURE 3.

Evolutionary mechanisms in complex environments. Relative contribution of plasticity (black), evolution of plasticity (gray), and genetic evolution (white) in three life‐history traits (fecundity, size at maturity, and age at maturity) from the two transition periods in Lake Ring: (a) eutrophication (EP) to pesticide (PP), and (b) pesticide (PP) to clear‐water (CWP). Panels c, d, e show the relative contribution of plasticity, evolution of plasticity, and genetic evolution when hypothetical single‐stressor scenarios are considered in the EP to PP transition (c) and in the PP to CWP transition (d, e)