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View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Sep 23;22(19):10240. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910240

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Treatment with peiminine (PMN) enhanced proteasome activity, autophagy, and pdr-1 expression in NL5901 transgenic worms. (a) L1 stage NL5901 worms were cultured on OP50/NGM plates with or without PMN for 1 day. Worms were then transferred to OP50/NGM/FUDR plates with or without PMN and cultured for 3 days for analysis. The worm extracts of each group were tested for proteasome activity under the same amount of total protein. ^#Indicates a significant difference between N2 and NL5901 worms (^# p < 0.01). * Indicates a significant difference between the PMN-treated group and the PMN-untreated group (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). (b) L1 stage DA2123 worms were cultured on OP50/NGM plates with or without PMN for 1 day. Worms were then transferred to OP50/NGM/FUDR plates with or without PMN and cultured for 3 days for analysis. Representative images of the fluorescence distribution of positive puncta in the seam cells of each group of worm. Scale bar = 10 µm. (c) The number of positive puncta in the seam cells of DA2123 worms was calculated. At least 20 worms were calculated in each group, and at least 20 seam cells were calculated for each worm. * Indicates a significant difference between the PMN-treated group and the PMN-untreated group (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). (d) The expression levels of PD-related genes in N2 and PMN-untreated or treated NL5901 worms were quantified by qPCR. ^#Indicates a significant difference between N2 and NL5901 worms (^# p < 0.05). * Indicates a significant difference between the PMN-treated group and the untreated group (*** p < 0.001).

Treatment with peiminine (PMN) enhanced proteasome activity, autophagy, and pdr-1 expression in NL5901 transgenic worms. (a) L1 stage NL5901 worms were cultured on OP50/NGM plates with or without PMN for 1 day. Worms were then transferred to OP50/NGM/FUDR plates with or without PMN and cultured for 3 days for analysis. The worm extracts of each group were tested for proteasome activity under the same amount of total protein. ^#Indicates a significant difference between N2 and NL5901 worms (^# p < 0.01). * Indicates a significant difference between the PMN-treated group and the PMN-untreated group (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). (b) L1 stage DA2123 worms were cultured on OP50/NGM plates with or without PMN for 1 day. Worms were then transferred to OP50/NGM/FUDR plates with or without PMN and cultured for 3 days for analysis. Representative images of the fluorescence distribution of positive puncta in the seam cells of each group of worm. Scale bar = 10 µm. (c) The number of positive puncta in the seam cells of DA2123 worms was calculated. At least 20 worms were calculated in each group, and at least 20 seam cells were calculated for each worm. * Indicates a significant difference between the PMN-treated group and the PMN-untreated group (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). (d) The expression levels of PD-related genes in N2 and PMN-untreated or treated NL5901 worms were quantified by qPCR. ^#Indicates a significant difference between N2 and NL5901 worms (^# p < 0.05). * Indicates a significant difference between the PMN-treated group and the untreated group (*** p < 0.001).