Table 4.
Pro-Kin balance test results at pre- and post-training between two groups.
| Experimental group | Control group |
Between-Group Difference in Change |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Pre | Posta | Change | Pre | Posta | Change | Pb | ||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean (LB; UB) 95%CI | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean (LB; UB) 95%CI | ||||
| Eyes Closed | |||||||||
| Ellipse Area mm2 | 1, 396.10 ± 1, 085.48 | 847.70 ± 486.15** | −548.40(−1024.58;−72.22) | 2, 431.50 ± 2, 569.09 | 1, 371.00 ± 1, 236.41 | −1, 059.50(−2, 748.31;629.31) | 1.000 | ||
| Trajectory Length mm | 962.40 ± 344.94 | 820.80 ± 280.43* | −141.60(−254.13;−29.07) | 1, 141.30 ± 6, 13.22 | 918.00 ± 522.08 | −223.30(−705.04;258.44) | 0.821 | ||
| F/B SD | 7.40 ± 1.90 | 6.80 ± 2.53 | −0.60(−2.19;0.99) | 10.20 ± 4.76 | 7.60 ± 2.72 | −2.60(−5.87;0.67) | 0.340 | ||
| L/M SD | 10.10 ±5.34 | 6.10 ± 2.77* | −4.00(−7.05;−0.95) | 10.50 ± 6.00 | 9.10 ± 4.79 | −1.40(−6.04;3.24) | 0.068 | ||
| F/B AS mm/sec | 22.30 ± 8.37 | 18.60 ± 7.11** | −3.70(−5.49;−1.91) | 23.50 ± 14.87 | 19.30 ± 14.12 | −4.20(−13.77;5.37) | 0.381 | ||
| L/M AS mm/sec | 18.90 ± 7.94 | 17.50 ± 7.86 | −1.40(−6.21;3.41) | 19.50 ± 13.30 | 15.40 ± 11.11 | −4.10(−15.70;7.50) | 0.909 | ||
| Eyes Open | |||||||||
| Ellipse Area mm2 | 755.50 ± 659.29 | 518.90 ± 224.25 | −236.60(−654.05;180.85) | 713.20 ± 450.40 | 533.40 ± 201.92 | −179.80(−478.82;119.22) | 0.734 | ||
| Trajectory Length mm | 585.30 ± 188.54 | 458.70 ± 122.65 | −126.60(−277.81;24.61) | 539.30 ± 182.93 | 459.40 ± 126.06* | −79.90(−169.86;10.06) | 0.705 | ||
| F/B SD | 5.80 ± 2.15 | 4.50 ± 0.85* | −1.30(−2.47;−0.13) | 5.80 ± 1.75 | 5.10 ± 0.88 | −0.70(−1.92;0.52) | 0.301 | ||
| L/M SD | 7.10 ± 4.38 | 6.10 ± 1.73 | −1.00(−3.92;1.92) | 6.10 ± 2.08 | 5.90 ± 2.13 | −0.20(−1.78;1.38) | 0.817 | ||
| F/B AS mm/sec | 13.60 ± 5.46 | 10.80 ± 2.62 | −2.8(−7.59;1.99) | 11.30 ± 5.06 | 10.20 ± 3.97 | −1.10(−3.25;1.05) | 0.939 | ||
| L/M AS mm/sec | 11.00 ± 2.91 | 9.10 ± 4.31 | −1.90(−5.07;1.27) | 11.10 ± 4.12 | 9.00 ± 2.00* | −2.10(−4.40;0.20) | 0.539 | ||
SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; AS, Average speed; F/B, Forward/Backward; M/L, Medial/Lateral direction.
a
Comparison between pre- and post-training values in each group with Wilcoxon signed rank test:
*
P < 0.05,
**
P < 0.01.
b
P values indicate significance level of between-group differences in change with Mann-Whitney U test: according to the Bonferroni correction, ***P < 0.0025.