Table 1.

Study Quality Criteria Evaluations

1. Defined Sample	Study has a defined eligibility and exclusion criteria for their sample; and time period (dates) and location (s) of recruitment and assessment. If the study includes all four criteria, it receives a 1.	0= No 1= Yes
2. Demographic Information	Does the study report complete demographic data for parents and children included in the study? 0= No demographic information specified 1= data for only child or parent (eg., child gender, birthweight, gestational age, infant’s age). At least two indicators. 2= demographic data for child and parent	0 = Not specified 1 = specified for parent or child 2 = specified for parent and child
3. Representative Sample	Is the sample representative of a defined population? (i.e. was everyone included who should be and is this sample generalizable) E.g. only selecting mothers of children with disabilities = 0. 1 = Cohorts recruited from the general population or from multi-site (eg. cities or clinics) studies or large databases. 0 = Single site clinical studies (eg., one clinic or hospital)	0= No 1= Yes
4. Valid Instrument (Trauma/Stress)	Does the study use a validated instrument for the assessment of potentially traumatic event or stress? 0 = Non-validated (made up by researcher) 1 = Validated measure (eg., BDI, EPDS)	0 = Non-validated 1 = Validated
5. Valid Instrument (Child Temperament)	Does the study use a validated instrument for the assessment of child outcome? 0 = Non-validated (made up by researcher) 1 = Validated measure (eg., IBQ, ECBQ)	0 = Non-validated 1 = Validated
6. Subjective vs objective measures (Trauma/stress)	Does the study use different reporters or multiple methods to measure potentially traumatic events and stress? 0 = Maternal self-report (eg., EPDS) 1 = Objective measure = physician or clinical evaluation, cortisol levels or biological data. 2 = Multiple methods = self-report and biological data or clinical/physician diagnosis.	0 = Self-report 1 = Objective measure 2 = Multiple methods
7. Subjective vs objective measures (Child Temperament)	Does the study use different reporters or methods to measure child outcome? 0= Maternal report (IBQ, ECBQ) 1= Objective measure = observation protocol or cortisol 2= Multiple methods = self-report and biological data/multiple informants/observation protocol (Lab-TAB)	0 = Maternal report 1 = Objective measure 2 = Multiple methods (e.g. two reporters, maternal report and observational data)
8. Confounding Variables	Were confounding variables taken into account in the analysis? (Consider exclusion criteria, covariates and control in statistical analyses) Medical? (eg., mother’ age, HIV infection, GDM/preeclampsia) Sociodemographic? (eg., maternal education, marital status, maternal race) Behavior? (eg., smoking and alcohol use, postnatal depression) E.g. In modeling or regression did they control or adjust for confounding factors?	0 = No control 1 = Limiting the sample, treating key variable as effect modifier or statistically controlling for three or more key variables from at least two categories out of three (eg. medical, sociodemographic, and behavior). 2 = Control for at least one variable from each category and a total of four or more variables.