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. 2021 Aug 10;81(8):722. doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09476-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

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Fig. 4 — Sketch of $α - α$ delayed coincidences for bulk (left) and surface (right) crystal contaminations. Parent and daughter decays are represented in red and blue, respectively. In the bulk case, there is nearly a 1:1 ratio between detected daughter events and parent candidates. This ratio falls below 1, when contaminations are on the detector surfaces due to the escape of the $α$ emitted in the daughter decay