Table 2.

Mean binding values (ms) (operant – baseline judgment errors) for Experiment 2

		Mean	Paired t-test (operant vs. baseline)	Baseline variance
c-u	action binding	11.23	t(34) = 3.37, p < .001, d = 0.57	5012.69
	effect binding	-69.56	t(34) = 5.91, p < .001, d = 1.00	16432.97
u-c	action binding	78.25	t(34) = 3.85, p < .001, d = 0.65	27311.54
	effect binding	-53.55	t(34) = 4.28, p < .001, d = 0.72	7134.22

Note. Paired t-tests are one-tailed and contrast the respective baseline with the operant condition. Conditions: c-u = certain action (keyboard press) and uncertain effect (quiet tone); u-c = uncertain action (force sensor press) and certain effect (loud tone). Effect sizes are reported as Cohen’s d_z. Baseline variances are the mean variance of estimation errors in the respective baseline block