Table 2.

The average time in seconds and the number of iterations reported for restricted maximum likelihood estimation performed using the FS, FFS, SFS, FSFS and CSFS methods. For each simulation setting, results displayed are taken from averaging across 1000 individual simulations. Also given are the average times taken by lmer to perform restricted maximum likelihood parameter estimation on the same simulated data. Standard deviations are given in brackets below each entry in the table

Method	FS	FFS	SFS	FSFS	CSFS	lmer
Simulation 1
t (Time/s)	0.057	0.052	0.043	0.064	0.088	0.071
	(0.014)	(0.011)	(0.008)	(0.042)	(0.021)	(0.021)
$n_{\mathit{it}}$ (No. of iterations)	5.261	5.261	6.053	6.053	10.404	–
	(0.591)	(0.591)	(0.257)	(0.257)	(1.829)	–
Simulation 2
t (Time/s)	0.175	0.154	0.157	0.169	0.306	0.810
	(0.043)	(0.039)	(0.035)	(0.041)	(0.067)	(0.065)
$n_{\mathit{it}}$ (No. of iterations)	6.758	6.758	8.413	8.413	14.283	–
	(0.984)	(0.984)	(0.561)	(0.561)	(1.404)	–
Simulation 3
t (Time/s)	1.615	1.378	2.968	3.002	6.604	7.457
	(0.404)	(0.344)	(0.752)	(0.814)	(5.455)	(0.442)
$n_{\mathit{it}}$ (No. of iterations)	8.084	8.084	16.018	16.018	34.611	–
	(0.730)	(0.730)	(0.798)	(0.798)	(25.526)	–