Ce6 loading onto GNR-PEG further reduces spheroid adhesion to ECM proteins by downregulating surface receptor proteins. (A) UV-VIS spectra of free Ce6, GNR-PEG, and GNR-PEG-Ce6. (B) Percentage of total spheroids that have adhered after 3 days of incubation on collagen I, collagen IV or fibronectin. (C) Representative SEM images of untreated, Ce6-treated, GNR-PEG-treated, and GNR-PEG-Ce6-treated SKOV-3 spheroids. Scale bars indicate 50 μm. (D) Western blot analysis of protein expression in untreated, GO-PEG-treated, GNR-PEG-treated, GNR-PEG-Ce6-treated, and Ce6-treated SKOV-3 spheroids after 48 h of treatment.