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Test groups assigned in the field experiment
| Test groups | Treatments | WCR eggs | EPN | Beads | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No WCR / No EPN | Blank | − | − | − | |
| WCR only | WCR eggs only | + | − | − | |
| Empty beads | Bead control: Ca2+-alginate beads without EPN | + | − | + | |
| EPN water | Application of EPN with water | + | + | − | |
| EPN beads | Early | Application of 4 K EPN beads before WCR larvae hatched | + | + | + |
| Late | Application of 4 K EPN beads during the active root herbivory by WCR | + | + | + | |
| E + L | Two-time application of 4 K EPN beads: Early + Late | + | + | + | |
