FIG 2.

The human gut resistome across aging. (a) Principal-coordinate analysis of Bray-Curtis dissimilarities between the gut resistome profiles of young adults (Y), younger elderly individuals (E), centenarians (C), and semisupercentenarians (S). A significant separation was found (P = 0.012, permutation test with pseudo-F ratios). (b) Hierarchical pie plot, with the external pie chart depicting the resistance mechanisms of the whole gut resistome data set, while the internal donut recalls the type of antibiotics for each mechanism, with annotation obtained from the Antibiotic Resistance Ontology. (c) The core human gut resistome consists of 8 antibiotic resistance determinants with mean relative abundance above 2% across all age groups.