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. 2021 Apr 26;18(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s41116-021-00029-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 17 — Evolution of high-energy irradiation of solar type stars. Left: The observed evolution of high-energy flux at a given orbital distance at different bands. Right: The X-ray (left axis) and extreme ultraviolet (right axis) luminosities derived from rotational evolution tracks (e.g., Fig. 15) as a function of stellar age.

Images reproduced with permission from (left) Ribas et al. (2005), copyright by AAS; and (right) Tu et al. (2015), copyright by ESO