Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the participants.
| Characteristic | Mandatory critical care consultation model group (n = 987) | Closed unit model group (n = 539) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64.5 ± 14.8 | 64.9 ± 15.1 | 0.592 |
| Male sex (n, %) | 616 (62.4%) | 338 (62.7%) | 0.909 |
| APACHE II score | 21.3 ± 9.8 | 22.7 ± 9.5 | 0.008 |
| ECOG grade | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| ICU admission diagnosis† | |||
| Respiratory, n (%) | 642 (65.0%) | 378 (70.1%) | 0.044 |
| Cardiovascular, n (%) | 191 (19.4%) | 92 (17.1%) | 0.273 |
| Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 163 (16.5%) | 106 (19.7%) | 0.123 |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 152 (15.4%) | 89 (16.5%) | 0.569 |
| Neurologic, n (%) | 47 (4.8%) | 23 (4.3%) | 0.659 |
| Others††, n (%) | 123 (12.5%) | 74 (13.7%) | 0.480 |
| CPR within 24 hours of ICU admission, n (%) | 128 / 971 (13.2%) | 73 / 528 (13.8%) | 0.727 |
| Referred to palliative care within 24 hours of ICU admission, n (%) | 84 / 962 (8.7%) | 51 / 528 (9.7%) | 0.551 |
* Values are presented as number/total number (%) for categorical variables or mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables.
*APACHE II score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ICU, intensive care unit; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
† Multiple choices were available for ICU admission diagnosis.
†† Others included gastrointestinal bleeding, for close observation after surgery or procedure, psychiatric, poisoning and etc.