Table 5. Patient outcomes changes in the five subgroups according to the staffing model of ICU.

Patient outcome	Mandatory critical care consultation model	Closed unit model	p value
Overall patients	n = 987	n = 539
Mortality, n (%)	347 (35.2%)	168 (31.2%)	0.115
LOS in ICU of survivors, days	6.7 ± 6.9	5.5 ± 6.0	0.005
Duration of MV care of survivors, days	2.5 ± 4.5	2.2 ± 4.1	0.439
Patients with admission diagnosis of respiratory disease	n = 642	n = 378
Mortality, n (%)	239 (37.2%)	115 (30.4%)	0.028
LOS in ICU of survivors, days	7.5 ± 7.1	6.3 ± 6.6	0.027
Duration of MV care of survivors, days	3.5 ± 5.2	2.9 ± 4.7	0.187
Patients with admission diagnosis of cardiovascular disease	n = 191	n = 92
Mortality, n (%)	67 (35.1%)	37 (40.2%)	0.401
LOS in ICU of survivors, days	7.4 ± 7.6	4.4 ± 5.4	0.010
Duration of MV care of survivors, days	3.0 ± 4.0	1.1 ± 3.1	0.002
Patients with admission diagnosis of acute kidney injury	n = 163	n = 106
Mortality, n (%)	84 (51.5%)	49 (46.2%)	0.395
LOS in ICU of survivors, days	6.3 ± 4.7	6.8 ± 6.8	0.549
Duration of MV care of survivors, days	1.7 ± 5.2	2.6 ± 5.1	0.333
Patients with admission diagnosis of sepsis	n = 152	n = 89
Mortality, n (%)	84 (55.3%)	46 (51.7%)	0.591
LOS in ICU of survivors, days	7.7 ± 6.9	7.1 ± 7.1	0.644
Duration of MV care of survivors, days	2.1 ± 3.7	2.4 ± 3.7	0.753
Patients with admission diagnosis of neurologic disease	n = 47	n = 23
Mortality, n (%)	17 (36.2%)	11 (47.8%)	0.350
LOS in ICU of survivors, days	9.3 ± 9.2	4.3 ± 3.2	0.074
Duration of MV care of survivors, days	3.5 ± 9.2	1.0 ± 2.0	0.405

*Values are presented as number (%) for categorical variables or mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables.

*ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; MV, mechanical ventilator.