Table I.
Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients with and without airway disease, stratified by asthma disease status and asthma therapy
| Variable∗ |
No asthma |
Inactive asthma† |
Short-acting β-agonist |
Low-dose iCS |
Low-dose iCS-LABA |
High-dose iCS-LABA |
Triple therapy§ |
Chronic oral corticosteroid |
P¶ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 62,042 | 3,890 | 3,828 | 877 | 761 | 363 | 93 | 115 | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Age, y (median [IQR]) | 50.0 [34.3-64.1] | 43.9 [29.6-58.5] | 45.2 [32.3-58.8] | 48.5 [35.8-59.8] | 53.0 [41.1-63.7] | 53.4 [43.3-65.0] | 58.3 [42.9-68.5] | 52.8 [44.8-63.2] | <.001 |
| Female sex | 33,115 (53.4) | 2,424 (62.3) | 2,670 (69.7) | 617 (70.4) | 523 (68.7) | 241 (66.4) | 67 (72.0) | 91 (79.1) | <.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (median [IQR]) | 29.1 [25.1-34.0] | 29.9 [25.5-35.8] | 31.6 [26.6-37.6] | 32.1 [27.2-38.5] | 32.5 [27.5-38.3] | 33.1 [28.4-39.5] | 32.3 [26.8-39.3] | 32.6 [27.5-37.6] | <.001 |
| Race | <.001 | ||||||||
| Black | 10,684 (17.2) | 829 (21.3) | 920 (24.0) | 186 (21.2) | 151 (19.8) | 81 (22.3) | 24 (25.8) | 21 (18.3) | |
| White | 41,570 (67.0) | 2,556 (65.7) | 2,464 (64.4) | 602 (68.6) | 545 (71.6) | 260 (71.6) | 61 (65.6) | 81 (70.4) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 2,916 (4.7) | 135 (3.5) | 134 (3.5) | 29 (3.3) | 22 (2.9) | NA | NA | NA | <.001 |
| Smoking history | <.001 | ||||||||
| Current | 3,714 (6.0) | 303 (7.8) | 316 (8.3) | 51 (5.8) | 28 (3.7) | 18 (5.0) | NA | NA | |
| Past | 11,707 (19.0) | 816 (21.1) | 888 (23.2) | 192 (21.9) | 209 (27.5) | 97 (26.8) | 31 (33.3) | 36 (31.3) | |
| Pack-years, n (median [IQR]) | 10.0 [3.9-23.0] | 7.5 [2.0-16.0] | 7.5 [2.5-18.0] | 7.5 [2.5-19.0] | 8.0 [4.5-20.0] | 9.0 [3.0-20.5] | 10.0 [2.4-16.5] | 5.0 [0.90-13.75] | <.001 |
| Respiratory symptoms | |||||||||
| Cough | 28,193 (45.4) | 2,017 (51.9) | 2,248 (58.7) | 499 (56.9) | 471 (61.9) | 228 (62.8) | 53 (57.0) | 71 (61.7) | <.001 |
| Dyspnea | 13,674 (22.0) | 1,019 (26.2) | 1,478 (38.6) | 362 (41.3) | 285 (37.5) | 150 (41.3) | 45 (48.4) | 56 (48.7) | <.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| Allergic rhinitis | 4,382 (7.1) | 648 (16.7) | 964 (25.2) | 249 (28.4) | 326 (42.8) | 153 (42.1) | 24 (25.8) | 44 (38.3) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 7,723 (12.4) | 492 (12.6) | 650 (17.0) | 129 (14.7) | 142 (18.7) | 76 (20.9) | 25 (26.9) | 21 (18.3) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 17,244 (27.8) | 1,175 (30.2) | 1,359 (35.5) | 319 (36.4) | 327 (43.0) | 164 (45.2) | 49 (52.7) | 47 (40.9) | <.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 3,700 (6.0) | 212 (5.4) | 238 (6.2) | 47 (5.4) | 54 (7.1) | 37 (10.2) | NA | 13 (11.3) | <.001 |
| Heart failure | 2,418 (3.9) | 121 (3.1) | 183 (4.8) | 28 (3.2) | 33 (4.3) | 29 (8.0) | NA | NA | <.001 |
| Cancer history | 5,100 (8.2) | 302 (7.8) | 320 (8.4) | 82 (9.4) | 80 (10.5) | 39 (10.7) | 13 (14.0) | 13 (11.3) | <.001 |
| Immunosuppressive disease | 3,493 (5.6) | 218 (5.6) | 274 (7.2) | 73 (8.3) | 52 (6.8) | 31 (8.5) | 11 (11.8) | 14 (12.2) | <.001 |
| Medications | |||||||||
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 7,149 (11.5) | 585 (15.0) | 760 (19.9) | 149 (17.0) | 131 (17.2) | 54 (14.9) | 13 (14.0) | 25 (21.7) | <.001 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors | 4,962 (8.0) | 248 (6.4) | 315 (8.2) | 77 (8.8) | 54 (7.1) | 37 (10.2) | NA | NA | <.001 |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 3,296 (5.3) | 219 (5.6) | 271 (7.1) | 76 (8.7) | 86 (11.3) | 43 (11.8) | 14 (15.1) | 13 (11.3) | <.001 |
| Intranasal corticosteroids | 9,294 (15.0) | 883 (22.7) | 1,470 (38.4) | 327 (37.3) | 486 (63.9) | 213 (58.7) | 43 (46.2) | 75 (65.2) | <.001 |
iCS, inhaled corticosteroids; IQR, interquartile range; LABA, long-acting β-agonist; NA, not available.
Data are presented as n (%) for categorical variables unless otherwise noted.
Data for high-dose iCS without LABA are not reported owing to the small number of patients (n = 21). Data with less than 10 patients are listed as NA.
Asthma medications used to differentiate between active and inactive asthma are short acting beta agonists, leukotriene receptor antagonist, iCS, LABA, and long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA).
Triple therapy = iCS + LAMA + LABA.
Group means were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test.