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. 2021 Sep 17;32(6):e94. doi: 10.3802/jgo.2021.32.e94

Table 1. Level of evidence.

Level Type of evidence
I RCTs, or overwhelming evidence from observational studies
II RCTs with important limitations, or exceptionally strong evidence from observational studies
III Observational studies, or RCTs with notable limitations
IV Clinical experience and observations, observational studies with important limitations, or RCTs with several major limitations
V No evidence or difficult to analysis or based on expert opinion

RCT, randomized controlled trial.