Table 2.
Region of interest analysis of the effects of working memory encoding and working memory retrieval in all male healthy volunteers (N = 20) and male patients with first episode psychosis (N = 20) who had PET and fMRI when controlling for age, sex and frame-wise displacement.
| Group | Contrast | ROI | H | MNI coordinates | F | Z | CS | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy volunteers vs. patients | Encoding: main effect of group | Bilateral hippocampus | R | 26 –8 –20 | 12.50 | 3.27 | 2 | 0.039 |
| Encoding: main effect of load | Bilateral hippocampus | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Encoding: group × load interaction | Bilateral hippocampus | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Healthy volunteers vs. patients | Encoding: main effect of group | Bilateral striatum | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Encoding: main effect of load | Bilateral striatum | L | −20 6 2 | 9.77 | 4.37 | 118 | 0.003 | |
| Encoding: main effect of load | Bilateral striatum | R | 20 12 2 | 8.59 | 4.37 | 79 | 0.012 | |
| Encoding: group × load interaction | Bilateral striatum | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Healthy volunteers vs. patients | Encoding: main effect of group | Bilateral DLPFC | L | 44 6 34 | 22.37 | 4.41 | 77 | 0.006 |
| Encoding: main effect of load | Bilateral DLPFC | L | −48 2 34 | 19.20 | 6.31 | 273 | <0.001 | |
| Encoding: main effect of load | Bilateral DLPFC | R | 8 24 36 | 13.10 | 5.16 | 85 | <0.001 | |
| Encoding: main effect of load | Bilateral DLPFC | R | 50 6 28 | 9.72 | 4.35 | 84 | 0.009 | |
| Encoding: group × load interaction | Bilateral DLPFC | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Healthy volunteers vs. patients | Encoding: main effect of group | Bilateral ACC | L | −10 36 20 | 16.52 | 3.78 | 21 | 0.017 |
| Encoding: main effect of load | Bilateral ACC | R | 8 18 38 | 13.97 | 5.35 | 384 | <0.001 | |
| Encoding: group × load interaction | Bilateral ACC | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Healthy volunteers vs. patients | Retrieval: main effect of group | Bilateral Hippocampus | R | 26 –26 –12 | 25.14 | 4.67 | 79 | <0.001 |
| Retrieval: main effect of group | Bilateral Hippocampus | L | −30 –30 –12 | 22.02 | 4.38 | 49 | 0.001 | |
| Retrieval: main effect of load | Bilateral Hippocampus | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Retrieval: group × load interaction | Bilateral Hippocampus | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Healthy volunteers vs. patients | Retrieval: main effect of group | Bilateral striatum | R | 30 2 –8 | 34.32 | 5.43 | 201 | <0.001 |
| Retrieval: main effect of group | Bilateral striatum | L | −30 –6 –8 | 25.94 | 4.75 | 35 | <0.001 | |
| Retrieval: main effect of group | Bilateral striatum | L | −14 12 14 | 21.94 | 4.37 | 57 | 0.002 | |
| Retrieval: main effect of group | Bilateral striatum | R | 16 6 16 | 21.21 | 4.29 | 80 | 0.003 | |
| Retrieval: main effect of load | Bilateral striatum | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Retrieval: group × load interaction | Bilateral striatum | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Healthy volunteers vs. patients | Retrieval: main effect of group | Bilateral DLPFC | R | 2 42 26 | 22.40 | 4.41 | 176 | 0.005 |
| Retrieval: main effect of group | Bilateral DLPFC | R | 46 2 32 | 19.20 | 4.09 | 28 | 0.018 | |
| Retrieval: main effect of load | Bilateral DLPFC | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Retrieval: group × load interaction | Bilateral DLPFC | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Healthy volunteers vs. patients | Retrieval: main effect of group | Bilateral ACC | R | 10 0 42 | 24.54 | 4.62 | 154 | 0.001 |
| Retrieval: main effect of group | Bilateral ACC | R | 10 42 12 | 20.77 | 4.25 | 167 | 0.002 | |
| Retrieval: main effect of group | Bilateral ACC | L | −8 16 28 | 19.06 | 4.07 | 43 | 0.005 | |
| Retrieval: main effect of load | Bilateral ACC | R | 10 24 32 | 8.06 | 3.88 | 19 | 0.011 | |
| Retrieval: main effect of group | Bilateral ACC | L | −4 22 38 | 7.11 | 3.58 | 5 | 0.031 | |
| Retrieval: group × load interaction | Bilateral ACC | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
H hemisphere, L left, R right, MNI Montreal Neurological Institute, CS cluster size, p* p value surviving family-wise error (FWE) correction on the basis of peak-level extent