Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of control variables, individual values, spirituality, and QoL outcomes (n = 1863)
| M (SD)/% | ||
|---|---|---|
| Age | 85.14 (4.20) | |
| Gender | Female | 63.7% |
| Male | 36.3% | |
| Education | Low | 30.6% |
| Middle | 51.2% | |
| High | 18.2% | |
| Multimorbidity | 0.18 (0.12) | |
| Full in-patient care | 13.0% | |
| Individual values | ||
| 1. Security | 3.61 (0.67) | |
| 2. Self-direction | 3.46 (0.70) | |
| 3. Tradition | 3.30 (0.88) | |
| 4. Universalism | 3.20 (0.90) | |
| 5. Hedonism | 2.97 (0.89) | |
| 6. Conformity | 2.94 (1.03) | |
| 7. Benevolence | 2.76 (0.96) | |
| 8. Achievement | 2.60 (0.94) | |
| 9. Power | 1.94 (0.88) | |
| 10. Stimulation | 1.57 (0.80) | |
| Spirituality | ||
| Transcendental connectedness | 2.91 (1.05) | |
| Interpersonal connectedness | 3.44 (0.69) | |
| Environmental connectedness | 3.47 (0.73) | |
| Institutionalized religion | 2.39 (1.17) | |
| Feeling part of a greater whole | 2.56 (1.04) | |
| Religious practices | 2.61 (1.20) | |
| Faith or spirituality in life | 2.80 (1.11) | |
| QoL outcomes | ||
| Affective well-being | 3.25 (0.89) | |
| Engagement with life | 1.45 (0.62) | |
Weighted data. Results obtained from imputed dataset. App. C in the electronic supplement shows descriptive statistics based on the original dataset. Value ranges: for multimorbidity: 0 to 1; for individual values and spirituality: 1 (not important at all) to 4 (very important); for AWB: 1 (never) to 5 (very often); for EwL: 0 (no) to 2 (yes)