Table 1.
Demographics.
| Site | n | ASD | TDC | Average total SRS | Average full IQ | Average total brain volume (mm3) | Average bilateral habenula volume (mm3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (M/F) | n (M/F) | ||||||
| Age mean ± SD (range) | Age mean ± SD (range) | ||||||
| University of Leuven | 52 | 23 (21/2) | 29 (25/4) | ASD: 82.522 ± 30.133 | ASD: 114.095 ± 12.429 | ASD: 3,035,573.715 ± 294,170.657 | ASD: 26.245 ± 4.944 |
| 17.79 y ± 4.34 y (12–29 y) | 18.32 y ± 5.11 y (12–29 y) | TDC: 30.345 ± 22.946 | TDC: 112.957 ± 12.323 | TDC: 3,051,012.325 ± 283,960.252 | TDC: 26.227 ± 4.834 | ||
| New York University | 133 | 65 (59/6) | 68 (55/13) | ASD: 91.831 ± 27.939 | ASD: 106.769 ± 18.068 | ASD: 3,000,324.962 ± 390,755.495 | ASD: 27.930 ± 5.901 |
| 14.13 y ± 6.32 y (6–30 y) | 11.37 y ± 3.04 y (6–18 y) | TDC: 22.696 ± 13.036 | TDC: 113.652 ± 15.394 | TDC: 2,955,228.120 ± 261,652.335 | TDC: 26.619 ± 5.759 | ||
| University of Utah School of Medicine | 52 | 27 (27/0) | 25 (25/0) | ASD: 84.148 ± 32.884 | ASD: 100.852 ± 14.114 | ASD: 3,060,374.104 ± 285,066.478 | ASD: 27.922 ± 5.279 |
| 20.48 y ± 3.98 y (14–29 y) | 20.75 y ± 5.25 y (10–30 y) | TDC: 16.160 y ± 12.733 | TDC: 114.280 ± 14.513 | TDC: 3,172,042.086 y ± 344,710.406 | TDC: 25.596 y ± 6.764 | ||
| Yale Child Study Center | 24 | 12 (8/4) | 12 (7/5) | ASD: 95.500 ± 29.998 | ASD: 94.750 ± 19.377 | ASD: 2,902,912.449 ± 310,118.915 | ASD: 27.083 ± 4.144 |
| 13.12 y ± 3.28 y (7–18 y) | 14.75 y ± 1.91 y (11–18 y) | TDC: 27.833 ± 24.439 | TDC: 98.667 ± 13.780 | TDC: 2,912,640.938 ± 298,063.917 | TDC: 26.333 ± 4.355 | ||
| George Town University | 21 | 7 (6/1) | 14 (9/5) | ASD: 85.571 ± 42.308 | ASD: 114.857 ± 9.737 | ASD: 2,925,413.917 ± 161,283.395 | ASD: 29.857 ± 5.113 |
| 11.55 y ± 0.74 y (10–13 y) | 10.95 y ± 1.83 y (8–14 y) | TDC: 19.571 ± 19.575 | TDC: 117.214 ± 13.227 | TDC: 2,904,958.613 ± 336,317.471 | TDC: 21.071 ± 3.772 | ||
| Indiana University | 16 | 10 (9/1) | 6 (4/2) | ASD: 88.700 ± 38.006 | ASD: 114.000 ± 16.083 | ASD: 3,217,222.049 ± 279,441.641 | ASD: 27.817 ± 5.060 |
| 21.80 y ± 4.02 y (17–28 y) | 22.17 y ± 2.32 y (20–25 y) | TDC: 48.500 ± 12.373 | TDC: 114.500 ± 5.541 | TDC: 3,106,244.547 ± 253,565.846 | TDC: 23.896 ± 2.144 | ||
| Kennedy Krieger Institute | 107 | 18 (9/9) | 89 (52/37) | ASD: 95.222 ± 25.915 | ASD: 108.722 ± 13.702 | ASD: 2,896,036.193 ± 293,025.042 | ASD: 25.782 ± 4.218 |
| 10.75 y ± 1.83 y (8–13 y) | 10.53 y ± 1.31 y (9–13 y) | TDC: 16.531 ± 10.583 | TDC: 119.313 ± 10.322 | TDC: 2,823,588.809 ± 266,549.718 | TDC: 25.806 ± 3.906 | ||
| Oregon Health and Science University | 65 | 27 (22/5) | 38 (18/20) | ASD: 91.778 ± 26.536 | ASD: 106.111 ± 17.190 | ASD: 3,101,614.595 ± 389,037.345 | ASD: 25.652 ± 5.700 |
| 12.07 y ± 2.02 y (8–15 y) | 10.34 y ± 1.65 y (8–14 y) | TDC: 24.474 ± 17.573 | TDC: 116.816 ± 11.613 | TDC: 2,980,955.747 ± 300,032.667 | TDC: 26.087 ± 3.959 | ||
| San Diego State University | 37 | 21 (15/6) | 16 (14/2) | ASD: 100.571 ± 23.756 | ASD: 97.429 ± 14.678 | ASD: 3,000,965.011 ± 291,295.616 | ASD: 27.143 ± 6.142 |
| 13.71 y ± 3.06 y (8–18 y) | 14.15 y ± 2.79 y (10–18 y) | TDC: 17.938 ± 10.951 | TDC: 103.313 ± 9.286 | TDC: 3,046,140.478 ± 270,841.463 | TDC: 25.250 ± 4.553 | ||
| University of California Davis | 16 | 10 (8/2) | 6 (4/2) | ASD: 75.800 ± 34.428 | ASD: 104.800 ± 11.243 | ASD: 3,308,879.166 ± 373,647.297 | ASD: 28.600 ± 6.569 |
| 15.23 y ± 2.05 y (12–18 y) | 15.88 y ± 1.14 y (14–17 y) | TDC: 10.667 ± 6.593 | TDC: 114.167 ± 12.416 | TDC: 114.167 ± 12.416 | TDC: 28.500 ± 6.058 | ||
| Total | 523 | 220 (184/36) | 303 (213/90) | ASD: 90.150 ± 29.551 | ASD: 105.316 ± 16.464 | ASD: 3,031,526.311 ± 344,653.350 | ASD: 27.263 ± 5.490 |
| 14.99 y ± 5.34 y (6–30 y) | 12.94 y ± 4.64 y (6–30 y) | TDC: 21.868 ± 16.026 | TDC: 113.652 ± 12.977 | TDC: 2,976,081.507 ± 302,749.991 | TDC: 25.657 ± 4.849 |
ASD autism spectrum disorder, TDC typically developing controls, IQ intelligence quotient, SRS social responsiveness scale.