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. 2021 Oct 27;4:1228. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02658-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Schematic representation of the transitions between different intra- (open, showing low/no FRET, upper panel; closed, showing moderate FRET, middle panel) and intermolecular (cluster, showing high FRET bottom panel) Env conformations observed by FRET-FLIM. Receptor binding (sCD4_D1-D2 or CD4 on T cells) and binding of b12 and 10E8 bNAbs stabilize and intermediate or open conformation, whereas PGT145 favors a closed conformation. Engagement of Env with CD4 or with any of bNAbs tested increases the distance between Env molecules, inducing Env-Env dissociation.