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. 2021 Oct 27;11:21221. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98949-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cytotoxic effects of (a) silymarin, (b) baicalein, and (c) baicalin in Vero cells. Flavonoids were serially diluted in DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS, and Vero cells were treated with the diluted flavonoids for up to 48 h. The cytotoxicity of each flavonoid was determined by MTS assay using a microplate reader to measure the absorbance at 490 nm. Data presented as mean ± SEM. Error bars indicate the range of values obtained from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001 indicates a significant difference compared to the negative control analysed by the t-test.