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. 2021 Oct 28;59(1):445–458. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02593-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — Stimulation of BV-2 microglia with S1 (100ng/ml) increased the protein expression of phospho-p38 MAPK (A), which was inhibited in the presence of SKF 86002 (1 μM). Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison test. **p < 0.01, compared with untreated control or S1 stimulation alone. Effects of SKF 86002 (1 μM) on S1-induced increased production of TNFa (B), IL-6 (C) and IL-1β (D) in BV-2 microglia. Culture supernatants were analysed using ELISA following stimulation for 24h. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns (not significant at p<0.05), compared with untreated control, or S1 stimulation alone