The combination of TBM-1and CTLA-4 blockage suppresses tumor growth. C57BL/6 mice bearing LLC were treated with PBS, anti-CTLA-4, TBM-1 or the combination. (A) and (B) The LLC tumors were ex vivo observed (A) and tumor growth (B) was measured for 14 days. (C) Flow cytometry analyzing the populations of CD8+ T cells in CD3+ CD45+ TILs. (D) and (E) Flow cytometry detecting the IFN-γ (D) and GzmB level (E) in CD3+CD8+ TILs from PBS, anti-CTLA-4, TBM-1 or the combination-treated LLC. (F) and (G) Representative flow cytometric plots and quantification of MDSCs (F) and Tregs (G) populations in PBS, anti-CTLA-4, TBM-1 or the combination-treated LLC. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 5. (H) Tumor growth of mTORKO LLC with PBS, anti-CTLA-4, TBM-1 or the combination treated C57BL/6 mice (n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 6; ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ns, no significant.