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. 2021 Oct 14;12:745716. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.745716

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Copyright © 2021 Hsu and Tain

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overview of the common mechanisms of renal programming in response to various environmental chemicals in early life. RAS, renin-angiotensin system; AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor.