Table 3.
Sensitivity analysis of adjusted HRs of vaccination in risk reduction of ventricular arrhythmia in influenza season.
| Unvaccinated | Vaccinated | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2–3 | ≥4 | ||
| Adjusted HR (95% C.I.) | Adjusted HR (95% C.I.) | Adjusted HR (95% C.I.) | Adjusted HR (95% C.I.) | |
| Unadjusted | 1.00 | 0.53 (0.27, 1.05) | 0.73 (0.42, 1.26) | 0.47 (0.22, 0.98)* |
| Model1† | 1.00 | 0.50 (0.25, 0.98)* | 0.71 (0.41, 1.24) | 0.47 (0.22, 0.99)* |
| Main model‡ | 1.00 | 0.52 (0.27, 1.03) | 0.77 (0.44, 1.33) | 0.54 (0.25, 1.15) |
| Subgroup effects | ||||
| Age, years | ||||
| 55–74 | 1.00 | 0.08 (0.01, 0.60)* | 0.69 (0.34, 1.41) | 0.73 (0.32, 1.67) |
| ≥75 | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.54, 2.65) | 0.87 (0.36, 2.09) | 0.18 (0.02, 1.40) |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1.00 | 0.55 (0.21, 1.44) | 1.04 (0.49, 2.19) | 0.75 (0.25, 2.21) |
| Male | 1.00 | 0.51 (0.20, 1.33) | 0.52 (0.22, 1.19) | 0.39 (0.14, 1.13) |
| COPD-related inpatient visits | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 0.46 (0.18, 1.18) | 1.10 (0.57, 2.12) | 0.68 (0.26, 1.77) |
| 1 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.24, 3.26) | 0.23 (0.05, 1.07) | |
| ≥2 | 1.00 | 0.59 (0.12, 2.83) | 0.53 (0.11, 2.56) | 0.95 (0.24, 3.82) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 0.30 (0.07, 1.36) | 0.57 (0.15, 2.16) | |
| 1 | 1.00 | |||
| 2–3 | 1.00 | 0.32 (0.07, 1.39) | 0.33 (0.09, 1.12) | 0.60 (0.20, 1.84) |
| ≥4 | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.38, 1.91) | 1.27 (0.63, 2.56) | 0.18 (0.02, 1.35) |
| Asthma | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.37, 1.77) | 0.78 (0.35, 1.72) | 0.63 (0.22, 1.81) |
| Yes | 1.00 | 0.23 (0.05, 0.97)* | 0.78 (0.36, 1.68) | 0.50 (0.17, 1.46) |
| Heart failure | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 0.37 (0.15, 0.94)* | 0.72 (0.37, 1.37) | 0.59 (0.26, 1.33) |
| Yes | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.31, 2.45) | 0.93 (0.32, 2.69) | 0.30 (0.04, 2.44) |
| Stroke | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 0.51 (0.21, 1.21) | 0.56 (0.26, 1.21) | 0.57 (0.23, 1.37) |
| Yes | 1.00 | 0.54 (0.18, 1.59) | 1.11 (0.49, 2.51) | 0.43 (0.10, 1.89) |
| Ischemic heart disease | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 0.33 (0.12, 0.93)* | 0.58 (0.27, 1.27) | 0.77 (0.34, 1.77) |
| Yes | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.31, 1.96) | 0.98 (0.44, 2.16) | 0.18 (0.02, 1.40) |
| Angina | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 0.44 (0.20, 0.98)* | 0.73 (0.40, 1.34) | 0.53 (0.24, 1.18) |
| Yes | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.20, 3.10) | 1.04 (0.25, 4.28) | 0.72 (0.08, 6.35) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 0.47 (0.22, 1.00)* | 0.57 (0.30, 1.11) | 0.61 (0.29, 1.32) |
| Yes | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.17, 4.42) | 1.38 (0.41, 4.68) | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 0.36 (0.13, 0.95)* | 0.63 (0.18, 2.19) | |
| Yes | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.40, 1.63) | 0.86 (0.44, 1.68) | 0.53 (0.20, 1.38) |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 0.52 (0.23, 1.16) | 0.47 (0.22, 1.01) | 0.62 (0.27, 1.42) |
| Yes | 1.00 | 0.53 (0.15, 1.83) | 1.51 (0.65, 3.51) | 0.29 (0.04, 2.26) |
| Renal failure | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 0.46 (0.22, 0.97)* | 0.74 (0.41, 1.32) | 0.50 (0.22, 1.12) |
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.51 (0.26, 8.68) | 1.72 (0.29, 10.08) | 1.03 (0.09, 11.29) |
| Chronic liver disease | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 0.48 (0.22, 1.08) | 0.70 (0.37, 1.34) | 0.69 (0.32, 1.49) |
| Yes | 1.00 | 0.68 (0.19, 2.43) | 0.72 (0.24, 2.13) | |
p < 0.05; HR, hazard ratio.
Model1 is adjusted for COPD-related inpatient visits, age, gender, CHA2DS2-VASc score, asthma, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic heart disease, angina, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, depression, renal failure, chronic liver disease, dementia, level of urbanization, monthly income.
Main model is adjusted for COPD-related inpatient visits, COPD medications, total COPD medications, age, gender, CHA2DS2-VASc score, asthma, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic heart disease, angina, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, depression, renal failure, chronic liver disease, dementia. level of urbanization, monthly income, antiarrhythmic agents: class1 (sodium channel blocker), class2 (beta blocker), class3 (potassium channel blocker), class4 (calcium channel blocker), aspirin, statin, RAASI.