TABLE 1.

The traditional use of A. sparsifolia compound prescription in China.

Prescription name	Main composition	Extracts, formulations, usage, dosage	Traditional and clinical uses	Prescription sources
Maitibuhe Heiyari Xianbaier Tang	Tarangabin (45 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Fructus Cassiae Fistulae (45 g)/Cassia fistula L., Fructus Cordiae Dichotomae (25 pcs)/Cordia dichotoma G.Forst., Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (25 pcs)/Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Semen Althaeae Roseae (10 g)/Alcea rosea L., Herba Violae Tianshanicae (10 g)/Viola thianschanica Maxim., Herba Chamomillae (6 g)/Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All	Aqueous/Decoction/oral administratio/bid/100–200 ml each time	Treatment of conjunctival ophthalmia, ocular rim infection, eye pain, constipation	Yi Xue Zhi Mu Di (AD 1737)
Maitibuhe Aifeitimeng Tang	Tarangabin (120 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Cortex Terminaliae Citrinae (45 g)/Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb., Cortex Terminaliae Billericae (45 g)/Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Herba Dracocephali Moldavicae (45 g)/Dracocephalum moldavica L., Fructus Terminaliae chebulae (15 g)/Terminalia chebula Retz., Fructus Phyllanthi (15 g)/Phyllanthus emblica L., Flos Lavandulae (15 g)/Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Radix Valerianae (15 g)/Valeriana officinalis L., Herba Anchusae (30 g)/Anchusa azurea Mill., Fructus Cassiae Fistulae (30 g))/Cassia fistula L., Semen Cuscutae (90 g)/Cuscuta chinensis Lam., Fos Nelumbinis (12 g)/Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Semen Amygdalae (120 g)/Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Fructus Mume (120 g)/Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc., Fructus Caryophylli (6 g)/Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, Cortex Cinnamomi (6 g)/Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T.Nees & Eberm., Herba Fumariae (3 g)/Fumaria officinalis L., Rhizoma Polypodiodis (12 g)/Polypodiode snipponica (Mett.) Ching, Nipponicae (12 g)/Dioscorea nipponica Makino, Usnea (9 g)/Usnea diffracta Vain., Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai (9 g)/Alpinia katsumadai Hayata	Aqueous/Decoction/oral administratio/bid/124 ml each time	Treatment of insomnia, pain and retentionofurine	Hui Yao Fang (AD 1619)
Maizhuni Binaifeixie Migao	Tarangabin (150 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Folium Sennae (150 g)/Senna alexandrina Mill., Turpeth (16 g)/Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso, Herba Anchusae (16 g)/Anchusa azurea Mill., Flos Rosae Rugosae (16 g)/Rosa rugosa Thunb., Flos Violae Tianshanicae (3 g)/Viola thianschanica Maxim., Fos Nelumbinis (3 g)/Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Fructus Vitis Viniferae (3 g)/Vitis vinifera L	Refined Honey/Honey Paste/oral administratio/qd/10 g each time	Treatment of febrile headache, eye pain, ear pain, conjunctival congestion, dizziness and constipation	Yi Xue Zhi Mu Di (AD 1737)
Maitibuhe Ainaluo Tang	Tarangabin (50 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Fructus Mume (100 g)/Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc., Semen Cichorii (10 g)/Cichorium intybus L., Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (10 g)/Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Flos Rosae Rugosae (13 g)/Rosa rugosa Thunb., Fructus Cordiae Dichotomae (16 g)/Cordia dichotoma G.Forst., Flos Violae Tianshanicae (16 g)/Viola thianschanica Maxim., Folium Sennae (20 g)/Senna alexandrina Mill., Fructus Tamarindi Indicae (31 g)/Tamarindus indica L., Fructus Cassiae Fistulae (50 g))/Cassia fistula L	Aqueous/Decoction/oral administratio/bid/30–50 g each time	Treatment of headache, migraine, hematogenous dizziness, heartburn and thirst, typhoid fever, hepatomegaly	Bai Se Gong Dian (AD 1200)
Nukuyi Ailile Jinpaoye I	Tarangabin (50 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Flos Violae Tianshanicae (10 g)/Viola thianschanica Maxim., Semen Cichorii (10 g)/Cichorium intybus L., Cortex Terminaliae citrinae (31 g)/Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb	Aqueous/Decoction/oral administratio/bid-tid/30–60 ml each time	Treatment of febrile headache	Yi Xue Zhi Mu Di (AD 1737)
	Fructus Cassiae Fistulae (31 g))/Cassia fistula L., Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (31 g)/Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Fructus Cordiae Dichotomae (56 g)/Cordia dichotoma G.Forst., Fructus Tamarindi Indicae (60 g)/Tamarindus indica L., Fructus Mume (100 g)/Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc
Nukuyi Ailile Jinpaoye Ⅱ	Tarangabin (150 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Cortex Terminaliae citrinae (30 g)/Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb., Fructus Mume (30 pcs)/Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc., Fructus Cordiae Dichotomae (30 pcs)/Cordia dichotoma G.Forst., Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (30 pcs)/Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Fructus Tamarindi Indicae (60 pcs)/Tamarindus indica L., Flos Violae Tianshanicae (9 g)/Viola thianschanica Maxim., Semen Cichorii(9 g)/Cichorium intybus L., Fructus Cassiae Fistulae (30 g))/Cassia fistula L	Aqueous/Decoction/oral administratio/bid/100 ml each time	Treatment of febrile headache, migraine, fever and thirst	A Ri Fu Yan Fang (AD 1556–1,662)
Nukuyi Pawake Jinpaoye	Tarangabin (60 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Fructus Mume (30 pcs)/Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc., Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (30 pcs)/Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Fructus Cordiae Dichotomae (30 pcs)/Cordia dichotoma G.Forst., Fructus Tamarindi Indicae (30 g)/Tamarindus indica L	Aqueous/Decoction/oral administratio/bid/50–100 ml each time	Treatment of fever, meningitis, migraine	Yi Xue Zhi Mu Di (AD 1737)
Mengziji Saiweida Chengshuji	Tarangabin (70 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Herba Anchusae (25 g)/Anchusa azurea Mill., Rhizoma Polypodiodis (25 g)/Polypodiode snipponica (Mett.) Ching, Nipponicae (25 g)/Dioscorea nipponica Makino, Fructus Cordiae Dichotomae (25 g)/Cordia dichotoma G.Forst., Flos Lavandulae (25 g)/Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Cortex Terminaliae chebulae (16 g)/Terminalia chebula Retz., Herba Hyssopi (16 g)/Hyssopus officinalis L., Flos Violae Tianshanicae (16 g)/Viola thianschanica Maxim	Aqueous/Decoction oral administratio/bid-tid/50 ml each time	Treatment of meningitis	Bai Di Yi Yao Shu (AD 1368)
Maizhuni Binaifeixie Migao I	Tarangabin (60 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Flos Violae Tianshanicae (30 g)/Viola thianschanica Maxim., Semen Amygdalae (30 g)/Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Mastix (15 g)/Pistacia lentiscus L., Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae (15 g)/Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC., Turpeth (60 g)/Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso, Fructus Cassiae Fistulae (60 g))/Cassia fistula L	Aqueous & Sugar/Honey Paste/oral administratio/bid/5 g each time (adults); bid/3 g each time (children)	Treatment of cough, intestinal obstruction, phlegm, gastritis	A Ri Fu Yan Fang (AD 1556–1,662)
Aibi Taipi Xiaowan	Tarangabin (3 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Papaveris Pericarpium (3 g)/Papaver somniferum L., Rmmi Rabicum (3 g)/Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton, Gummi Tragacanthae (3 g)/Astragalus gummifer Labill., Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae (3 g)/Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC., Semen Lagenariae Sicerariae (3 g)/Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Semen Amygdalae (3 g)/Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Semen Cucumeris (3 g)/Cucumis satiuus L	Pill/oral administratio/bid/1 pcs each time	Treatment of habitual typhoid fever, tuberculosis, back pain, cough and phlegm	Bai Di Yi Yao Shu (AD 1368)
		Pill
Xieribiti Ounabi Tangjiang	Tarangabin (300 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Fructus Mume (60 g)/Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc., Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (30 g)/Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Fructus Tamarindi Indicae (100 g)/Tamarindus indica L., Flos Violae Tianshanicae (60 g)/Viola thianschanica Maxim., Turpeth (60 g)/Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso, Resina Scammoniae (3 g)/Convovulus scammonia L., Stigma Croci (1 g)/Crocus sativus L	Aqueous/Syrup/oral administratio/tid/50 ml each time	Treatment of hyperthermic typhoid fever arising from the excessive influence of hot body humor such as bilious or blood	A Ri Fu Yan Fang (AD 1556–1,662)
Xieribiti Kushuxi Tangjiang	Tarangabin (100 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Semen Cichorii (15 g)/Cichorium intybus L., Herba Moslae (15 g)/Mosla chinensis Maxim., Semen Cuscutae (20 g)/Cuscuta chinensis Lam., Radix Foeniculi (35 g)/Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae (50 g)/Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC., Radix Cichorii (30 g)/Cichorium intybus L., Semen Cuscutae (30 g)/Cuscuta chinensis Lam., Semen Cucumeris (30 g)/Cucumis satiuus L	Aqueous & Sugar/Syrup/oral administratio/tid/100 ml each time	Treatment of respiratory system diseases and heart, liver and gastrointestinal diseases, fever and cough, complicated typhoid fever, febrile heart and liver deficiency, unfavorable urination and poor bowel movement	Yi Xue Zhi Mu Di (AD 1737)
Maitibuhe Aifeisanting Tang	Tarangabin (30 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Herba Absinthii (15 g)/artemisia absinthium L., Flos Rosae Rugosae (20 g)/Rosa rugosa Thunb., Fructus Tamarindi Indicae (60 g)/Tamarindus indica L	Aqueous/Decoction/oral administratio/tid/100 ml each time	Treatment digestive disorders, such as spleen and stomach diseases, hyperthermic typhoid fever, fever and headache, indigestion	Zhu Yi Dian (AD 1040–1,050)
Maizhuni Binaifeixie Migao Ⅱ	Tarangabin (60 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Flos Violae Tianshanicae (30 g)/Viola thianschanica Maxim., Semen Amygdalae (30 g)/Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Mastix (15 g)/Pistacia lentiscus L., Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae (15 g)/Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC., Turpeth (60 g)/Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso, Fructus Cassiae Fistulae (60 g)/Cassia fistula L	Aqueous & Sugar/Honey Paste/oral administratio/tid/5 g each time(adults); qd/1 g each time(children)	Treatment of intestinal and respiratory disorders, such as intestinal constipation and obstruction, abnormal bilious and mucinous increase, cough and phlegm	A Ri Fu Yan Fang (AD 1556–1,662)
Maitibuhe Mengziji Chengshuji Ⅲ	Tarangabin (30 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (15 g)/Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Fructus Solani Nigri (10 g)/Solanum nigrum L., Semen Rutae (6 g)/Ruta graveolens L	Aqueous/Decoction/oral administratio/tid × 3 d	Treatment of increased abnormal body humor in upper extremity joints, upper extremity soreness	Bai Se Gong Dian (AD 1200)
Maitibuhe Surenjiang Tang Ⅱ	Tarangabin (60 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Folium Sennae (20 g)/Senna alexandrina Mill., Flos Rosae Rugosae (12 g)/Rosa rugosa Thunb., Cortex Terminaliae citrinae (12 g)/Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb., Bulbus Colchici (6 g)/Colchicum autumnale L., Radix Foeniculi (6 g)/Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Herba Foeniculi (6 g)/Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Fructus Apii (6 g)/Apium graveolens L., Herba Centaurii (6 g)/Centaurium erythraea Rafn, Fructus Anethi (6 g)/Anethum graveolens L., Herba Anchusae (10 g)/Anchusa azurea Mill., Herba Melissae Axillaris (10 g)/Melissa axillaris (Benth.) Bakh.f	Aqueous/Decoction/oral administratio/tid/50–100 ml each time	Treatment of joint pain, urinary discomfort, poor bowel movement, arthritis and swelling	A Ri Fu Yan Fang (AD 1556–1,662)
Xieribiti Mengziji Maxire Tangjiang	Tarangabin (60 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Flos Violae Tianshanicae (16 g)/Viola thianschanica Maxim., Flos Nelumbinis (16 g)/Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Flos Rosae Rugosae (16 g)/Rosa rugosa Thunb., Semen Cichorii (9 g)/Cichorium intybus L., Radix Cichorii (18 g)/Cichorium intybus L., Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (7 pcs)/Ziziphus jujuba Mill	Aqueous/Syrup/oral administratio/bid/50 ml each time	Treatment of skin diseases such as febrile dermatitis, various inflammations and swellings inside and outside the body, and dry stools	Bao jian Yao Yuan (AD 1556–1,662)
Mengziji Bairese Chengshuji Ⅲ	Tarangabin (100 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Fructus Anethi (15 g)/Anethum graveolens L., Fructus Apii (15 g)/Apium graveolens L., Semen Nigellae (15 g)/Nigella glandulifera Freyn & Sint., Folium Sennae (15 g)/Senna alexandrina Mill., Radix Foeniculi (30 g)/Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Rhizoma Zingiberis (30 g)/Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Flos Lavandulae (30 g)/Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Fructus Caricae (25 g)/Ficus carica L., Radix Apii (25 g)/Apium graveolens L., Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae (25 g)/Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC., Radix et Rhizoma Nardostachyos (10 g)/Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC., Fructus Vitis Viniferae (150 g)/Vitis vinifera L	Aqueous/Decoction/oral administratio/tid/150 ml each time	Treatment of skin hypopigmentation diseases, such as vitiligo	Bai Di Yi Yao Shu (AD 1368)
Musili Bairese Qingchuji	Tarangabin (150 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Cortex Terminaliae citrinae (20 g)/Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb., Fructus Terminaliae chebulae (20 g)/Terminalia chebula Retz., Cortex Terminaliae billericae (20 g)/Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Fructus Phyllanthi (20 g)/Phyllanthus emblica L., Herba Anchusae (15 g)/Anchusa azurea Mill., Herba Melissae Axillaris (15 g)/Melissa axillaris (Benth.) Bakh.f., Radix Foeniculi (15 g)/Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Fructus Anethi (15 g)/Anethum graveolens L., Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae (15 g)/Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC., Fructus Solani Nigri (15 g)/Solanum nigrum L., Semen Cuscutae (30 g)/Cuscuta chinensis Lam., Folium Sennae (30 g)/Senna alexandrina Mill., Radix Plumbinis (30 g)/Plumbago zeylanica L., Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (30 g)/Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Fructus Cordiae Dichotomae (10 g)/Cordia dichotoma G.Forst., Turpeth (10 g)/Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso	Aqueous/Decoction/oral administratio/bid/150 ml each time	Treatment of abnormal increased body humor, irregular bowel movements, bloating and edema, vitiligo	Bai Di Yi Yao Shu (AD 1368)
Xieribiti Ounabi Murekaibi Tangjiang	Tarangabin (60 g)/Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (10 pcs)/Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Fructus Vitis Viniferae (10 pcs)/Vitis vinifera L., Fructus Mume(10 pcs)/Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc., Flos Nelumbinis (10 g)/Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Semen Althaeae Roseae (10 g)/Alcea rosea L., Fructus Solani Nigri (10 g)/Solanum nigrum L., Folium Isatidis (10 g)/Isatis tinctoria L., Herba Fumariae (15 g)/Fumaria officinalis L., Folium Sennae (15 g)/Senna alexandrina Mill., Semen Cucumeris (15 g)/Cucumis satiuus L., Semen melo (15 g)/Cucumis melo L., Semen Amygdalae (15 g)/Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Lignum Santali Albi (6 g)/Santalum album L., Herba Swertiae (6 g)/Swertia diluta (Turcz.) Benth. & Hook.f., Flos Rosae Rugosae (6 g)/Rosa rugosa Thunb., Fructus Cassiae Fistulae (30 g)/Cassia fistula L	Aqueous/Syrup/oral administratio/bid/60 ml each time	Treatment of gynecological diseases such as cervicitis, uterine sores, vulvar itching, uterine pain	Yi Xue Zhi Mu Di (AD 1737)