TABLE 2.

Chemical components isolated and structurally identified from A. sparsifolia (MF = Molecular Formula).

No	Chemical constituents	MF	Extracts	Parts	References
	Flavonoids
1	butin	C15H12O5	EtOAc	Aerial part	Ma et al. (2018a)
2	kaempferol-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	C21H20O11	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
3	isorhamnetin	C16H12O7	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
4	isorhamnetin-3-O-β-rutinoside	C28H32O16	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
5	kaempferol	C15H10O6	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
6	isoquercitrin	C21H20O12	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
7	syringetin	C17H14O8	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
8	kaempferol-3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside	C21H20O11	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
9	kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	C21H20O11	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
10	isorhamnetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	C22H22O12	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
11	isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside	C28H32O16	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
12	quercetin	C15H10O7	EtOA	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
13	quercetin-3-O-rutinoside	C27H30O16	BuOH	Flowers	Muratova et al. (2019)
14	kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside	C27H30O15	BuOH	Flowers	Muratova et al. (2019)
15	quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	C21H20O12	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
16	isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside	C22H22O12	BuOH	Aerial part	Su et al. (2008)
17	guaijaverin	C20H18O11	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
18	quercetin-3-O-maltoside	C27H30O16	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
19	isorhamnetin-3-O-arabinoside	C21H20O12	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
20	kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	C33H40O19	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
21	syringetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside	C23H24O13	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
22	ombuin	C17H14O7	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
23	tamarixetin	C16H12O7	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
24	kaempferitrin	C27H30O14	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
25	3′-O-methylquercetin-3-O-α-rutinoside	C28H32O16	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
26	apigenin	C15H10O5	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
27	3′,4′,7-trihydroxyisoflavone	C15H10O5	BuOH	Aerial part	Liu et al. (2019a)
28	genistein	C15H10O5	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
29	genistin	C21H20O10	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
30	pratensein	C16H12O6	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
31	formonoetin	C16H12O4	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
32	3′,7-dihydroxyl-4′-methoxylisoflavone	C16H12O5	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
33	3′,4′,7-trihydroxylisoflavone	C15H10O5	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
34	3′,7-dihydroxy-4′-methylisoflavone	C16H12O4	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
35	chrysoplenol B	C19H18O8	BuOH	Flowers	Muratova et al. (2019)
36	3′,7-dihydroxyl-4′,8-dimethoxylisoflavone	C17H14O6	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
37	3′,7-dihydroxyl-4′,6-dimethoxylisoflavone	C17H14O6	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
38	3′,7-dihydroxy-4′,8-dimethylisoflavone	C17H14O4	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
39	quercetin-3-O-(2-β-d-xylopyranosyl)-β-d-rutinoside	C32H38O20	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
40	typhaneoside	C34H42O20	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
41	kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucosyl-(1→2)-O-[α-l-rhamnosyl(1→6)]-β-d-galactoside	C33H40O21	BuOH	Flowers	Muratova et al. (2019)
42	quercetin-3-O-(2″,6″-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside	C33H40O20	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
43	hesperidin	C28H34O15	EtOH	Secretory	Guo et al. (2020)
44	(-)-epicatechin	C15H14O6	EtOH	Epigeal	Malik et al. (1997)
45	(-)-epigallocatechin	C15H14O7	EtOH	Epigeal	Malik et al. (1997)
46	(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate	C22H18O11	EtOH	Epigeal	Malik et al. (1997)
47	(+)-catechin	C15H14O6	EtOH	Epigeal	Malik et al. (1997)
48	(+)-gallocatechin	C15H14O7	EtOH	Epigeal	Malik et al. (1997)
49	(-)-epigauocatechin-3-O-ganate-(4β-8)-(-)-epicateehin	C30H26O12	EtOH	Epigeal	Malik et al. (1997)
50	(-)-epicatechin-(4β-8)-(+)-gallocatechin	C30H26O13	EtOH	Epigeal	Malik et al. (1997)
51	proanthocyanidin B-2	C30H26O12	EtOH	Epigeal	Malik et al. (1997)
52	proanthoeyanidin B-1	C30H26O13	EtOH	Epigeal	Malik et al. (1997)
53	(-)-epigallocateehin-(4β-8)-(-)-epicatechin	C37H30O17	EtOH	Epigeal	Malik et al. (1997)
102	Alkaloids
54	alhagifoline A	C14H15NO3	BuOH	Aerial part	Zou et al. (2012)
55	aurantiamide acetate	C27H28N2O4	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
56	aurantiamide	C27H28N2O4	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
57	pyrrolezanthine	C14H15NO3	BuOH	Aerial part	Zou et al. (2012)
58	pyrrolezanthine-6-methyl ether	C15H17NO3	BuOH	Aerial part	Zou et al. (2012)
59	betaine	C5H11NO2	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
60	1-butyl-1H-pyrrole	C8H13N	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng, (2010)
61	1-pentyl-1H-pyrrole	C9H15N	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng, (2010)
62	1-isoamylpyrrole	C9H15N	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng, (2010)
63	5-isocyanato-1-(isocyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-cyclohexane	C12H18N2O2	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng, (2010)
64	ethyl ester	C31H29NO3	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng, (2010)
102	Phenols, carboxylic acids, phenolic acids and amino acids
65	3-methoxy-4-vinylphenol	C9H10O2	EtOAc	Aerial part	Ma et al. (2018b)
66	3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde	C7H6O3	BuOH	Aerial part	Ma et al. (2018b)
67	ferulic acid	C10H10O4	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
68	p-hydroxybenzoic acid	C7H6O3	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
69	p-hydroxybenzaldehyde	C7H6O2	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
70	vanillin	C8H8O3	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
71	epoxyconiferyl alcohol	C10H10O4	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
72	isovanillic acid	C8H8O4	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
73	gentisic acid	C7H6O4	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
74	gallic acid	C7H6O5	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
75	dipropylphthalate	C14H18O4	EtOAc	Secretory	Cheng et al. (2014)
76	benzoic acid	C7H6O2	BuOH	Flowers	Muratova et al. (2019)
77	methoxyphenyl acetic acid	C9H10O3	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
78	4′-hydroxylacetophenone	C8H8O2	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
79	3-hydroxyl-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol	C8H10O3	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
80	4-hydroylphenoyl	C7H6O3	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
81	aspartic acid	C4H7NO4	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
82	l-threonine	C4H9NO3	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
83	β-hydroxyalanine	C3H7NO3	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
84	glutamic acid	C5H9NO4	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
85	glycine	C2H5NO2	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
86	alanine	C3H7NO2	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
87	cystine	C6H12N2O3S2	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
88	valine	C5H11NO2	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
89	dl-methionine	C5H11NO2S	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
90	l-isoleucine	C6H13NO2	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
91	leucine	C6H13NO2	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
92	tyrosine	C9H11NO3	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
93	phenylalanine	C9H11NO2	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
94	histidine	C6H9N3O2	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
95	proline	C5H9NO2	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
96	lysine	C6H14N2O2	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
97	arginine	C6H14N4O2	Et2O	Aerial part	Liu G. C. et al. (2014)
102	Saccharides and glycosides
98	(+)-tortoside A	C29H38O12	EtOAc	Aerial part	Ma et al. (2018b)
99	(-)-tortoside A	C29H38O12	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
100	(3S,5R,6R,7E,9S)-megastigman-7-ene-3,5,6,9-tetrol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	C19H34O9	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
101	(3S,5R,6R,7E,9S)-megastigman-7-ene-3,5,6,9-tetrol-9-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	C19H34O9	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
102	(1R)-4-[(3R)-3-hydroxybutyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-enyl-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	C20H36O6	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
103	(1R)-3-[(4R)-4-hydroxybutyl]-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-methy-propyl-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	C19H34O7	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
104	pinoresinol-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	C28H36O11	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
105	syringaresionl-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	C30H40O13	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
106	2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	C14H20O7	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
107	4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl acetophenone	C15H20O9	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
108	methyl-α-d-fructofuranoside	C7H14O6	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
109	D-Glu-1α→2β-D-Fru	C12H22O11	BuOH	Secretory	Cheng et al. (2014)
110	D-Glu-1β→6-D-Glu-1α→2β-D-Fru	C18H32O16	BuOH	Secretory	Cheng et al. (2014)
111	Volatile oils
112	isopentane	C5H12	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
113	pentane	C5H12	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
114	2,2-dimethylbutane	C6H14	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
115	2,3-dimethylbutane	C6H14	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
116	methylcyclopentane	C6H12	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
117	5-acetyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone	C6H8O3	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
118	3-hexanone	C6H12	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
119	2-ethyl-1-dodecene	C14H28	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
120	heptane	C7H16	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
121	hexamethylethane	C8H18	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
122	methylcyclohexane	C7H14	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
123	3-methylheptane	C8H18	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
124	ethylcyclopentane	C7H14	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
125	1,2,3-trimethyl-cyclopentane	C8H16	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
126	2,3-dimethylhexane	C8H18	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
127	2-methylheptane	C8H18	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
128	octane	C8H18	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
129	hexanal	C6H12O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
130	furfural	C5H4O2	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
131	1,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene	C9H14	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
132	(E)-2-hexenal	C6H10O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
133	butylacetone	C7H14O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
134	heptanal	C7H14O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
135	2,7-dimethyloxepine	C8H10O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
136	benzaldehyde	C7H6O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
137	3-hydroxy-1-octene	C8H16O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
138	2,3-octanedione	C8H14O2	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
139	6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one	C8H14O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
140	2-pentylfuran	C9H14O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
141	2,4-heptadienal	C7H10O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
142	2-cyclohexen-1-one	C6H8O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
143	o-cymene	C10H14	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
144	eucalyptol	C10H18O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
145	3,7-dimethyl-(Z)-2,6-octadienal	C10H16O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
146	linalool	C10H18O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
147	nonanal	C9H18O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
148	6-methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one	C8H12O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
149	thujone	C10H16O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
150	camphor	C10H16O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
151	4-(5-methyl-2-furyl)-2-butanone	C9H12O2	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
152	4a-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene	C11H18	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
153	2-methyl-3-phenylpropanal	C10H12O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
154	vitispirane	C13H20O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
155	theaspirane	C13H22O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
156	β-damascenone	C13H18O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
157	tetradecane	C14H30	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
158	(E)-geranylacetone	C13H22O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
159	(E)-β-ionone	C13H20O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
160	pentadecane	C15H32	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
161	aromadendrene vi	C15H24	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
162	1,6-dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione	C10H16O4	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
163	hexadecane	C16H34	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
164	6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone	C18H36O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
165	farnesylacetone	C18H30O	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
166	methyl linoleate	C19H34O2	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
167	ethyl oleate	C20H38O2	Aqueous	Secretory	Cheng (2010)
168	1,3,3,4-tetramethylcyclopentene	C9H16	BuOH	Aerial part	Ma et al. (2018b)
169	heptacosan-1-ol	C27H56O	EtOAc	Flowers	Guo et al. (2016)
170	Other constituents
171	pinoresinol	C20H22O6	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
172	syringaresinol	C22H26O8	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
173	bombasinol A	C21H24O6	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
174	blumenol A	C13H20O3	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
175	abscisic acid	C15H20O4	EtOH	Aerial part	Zhou et al. (2017)
176	niacin	C6H5NO2	BuOH	Stem	Ouyang et al. (2018)
177	dibutyl phthalate	C16H22O4	BuOH	Flowers	Muratova et al. (2019)
178	stigmasterol	C29H48O	PET	Aerial part	Su et al. (2008)
179	β-sitosterol	C29H50O	PET	Aerial part	Su et al. (2008)
180	12-ene-ursulanol	C30H50O	EtOAc	Secretory	Cheng et al. (2014)