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. 2021 Oct 13;7(10):e08171. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08171

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© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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I: Photomicrographs of Sirus red-stained lung sections (I; A-C) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immuno-stained lung sections (I; D-F) of different groups. II: The percentage area of fibrosis (IIa) and the percentage area of α-SMA (IIb) in all experimental groups. I; A-C: Photomicrographs of Sirus red-stained lung sections of different groups: lung sections of the control group (A) show normal collagen distribution in both pulmonary interstitium and the bronchiolar wall (white arrows). The lung section of BUS group (B) shows excessive collagen deposition in the pulmonary interstitium (black asterisk) and the surrounding alveolar wall (black arrows). The lung section of the BUS + ALA group (C) shows less marked interstitial collagen deposition (arrowheads) (Sirus red stain x 400). I; D-F: Photomicrographs of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immuno-stained lung sections of different groups: lung sections of the control group (D) show normally immuno-positive reaction around blood vessels (white arrowheads). The lung section of the BUS group (E) shows markedly increased immuno-positive reaction in the pulmonary interstitium (asterisk). The lung section of the BUS + ALA group (F) shows mild immuno-positive reaction (black arrowheads) (α-SMA immune stain x 400). IIa: The percentage area of fibrosis in all experimental groups. The test used: One-way ANOVA followed by posthoc Tukey's test. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, # represents significance compared to the control group; ∗ represents significance compared to the BUS group. IIb: The percentage area of α-SMA in all experimental groups. The test used: One-way ANOVA followed by posthoc Tukey's test. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, # represents significance compared with the control group; ∗ represents significance compared with the BUS group.