Table 2.
Means (SDs) for mental health outcomes on each assessment by condition.
|
Other-focused kindness with reflection (n = 73) |
Other-focused kindness without reflection (n = 72) |
Self-focused kindness (n = 73) |
Waitlist control (n = 71) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mental well-being | ||||
| Pre-test | 2.48 (0.55) | 2.71 (0.43) | 2.58 (0.54) | 2.60 (0.54) |
| Post-test | 2.86 (0.62) | 2.99 (0.61) | 2.87 (0.71) | 2.73 (0.66) |
| 6-week follow-up | 2.89 (0.64) | 3.00 (0.55) | 2.84 (0.61) | 2.72 (0.62) |
| 6-month follow-up | 2.84 (0.69) | 3.10 (0.59) | 3.03 (0.72) | - |
| Emotional well-being | ||||
| Pre-test | 2.60 (0.69) | 2.82 (0.59) | 2.76 (0.72) | 2.74 (0.71) |
| Post-test | 2.98 (0.66) | 3.21 (0.73) | 3.05 (0.84) | 2.88 (0.79) |
| 6-week follow-up | 2.99 (0.78) | 3.04 (0.68) | 2.98 (0.68) | 2.81 (0.82) |
| 6-month follow-up | 3.05 (0.70) | 3.35 (0.72) | 3.20 (0.80) | – |
| Social well-being | ||||
| Pre-test | 2.34 (0.65) | 2.56 (0.55) | 2.39 (0.58) | 2.39 (0.62) |
| Post-test | 2.66 (0.72) | 2.70 (0.66) | 2.65 (0.69) | 2.48 (0.69) |
| 6-week follow-up | 2.65 (0.71) | 2.81 (0.63) | 2.60 (0.65) | 2.55 (0.63) |
| 6-month follow-up | 2.57 (0.73) | 2.86 (0.56) | 2.81 (0.68) | – |
| Psychological well-being | ||||
| Pre-test | 2.54 (0.61) | 2.77 (0.51) | 2.65 (0.61) | 2.70 (0.60) |
| Post-test | 2.96 (0.73) | 3.13 (0.72) | 2.96 (0.82) | 2.87 (0.74) |
| 6-week follow-up | 3.04 (0.74) | 3.13 (0.67) | 2.97 (0.67) | 2.82 (0.71) |
| 6-month follow-up | 2.95 (0.85) | 3.18 (0.79) | 3.15 (0.88) | – |
| Depressive symptoms | ||||
| Pre-test | 21.03 (6.75) | 19.40 (7.88) | 18.90 (7.23) | 19.44 (7.71) |
| Post-test | 16.56 (10.01) | 14.26 (6.99) | 15.08 (10.20) | 17.78 (9.93) |
| 6-week follow-up | 17.50 (11.46) | 14.18 (8.32) | 13.95 (6.83) | 17.69 (10.96) |
| 6-month follow-up | 17.19 (11.82) | 13.47 (8.47) | 15.10 (11.05) | – |
| Anxiety | ||||
| Pre-test | 6.66 (3.28) | 6.47 (3.46) | 5.78 (2.85) | 6.31 (2.72) |
| Post-test | 5.72 (4.28) | 4.93 (3.57) | 4.76 (3.90) | 6.73 (4.45) |
| 6-week follow-up | 5.21 (4.32) | 5.16 (3.98) | 4.79 (2.68) | 6.39 (5.03) |
| 6-month follow-up | 6.24 (4.86) | 4.74 (3.19) | 4.92 (4.27) | – |
| Perceived stress | ||||
| Pre-test | 20.32 (5.90) | 19.32 (5.84) | 18.41 (5.39) | 19.08 (5.34) |
| Post-test | 16.97 (6.70) | 14.41 (5.59) | 15.20 (5.79) | 16.64 (6.16) |
| 6-week follow-up | 16.66 (6.81) | 14.65 (5.11) | 15.56 (4.91) | 16.71 (6.24) |
| 6-month follow-up | 16.76 (7.16) | 14.85 (5.62) | 14.60 (6.57) | – |