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. 2021 Oct 14;12:761249. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.761249

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Copyright © 2021 Lei, Zhang, van Pelt and Hamer

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Complete homologous chromosome synapsis during in vitro meiosis. (A). Schematic overview of the in vitro meiosis culture system. Bars above the timeline represent the period of relatively highly abundant presence of leptotene, zygotene, early pachytene and pachytene spermatocytes. (B, C) Unsynapsed chromosomes marked with HORMAD1 (B), and synapsed chromosomes marked with SYCP1 (C) in in vitro-generated spermatocytes stained for SYCP3 (red), centromeres (CREST, white), HORMAD1 (green) or SYCP1 (green). Unsynapsed chromosomes and X and Y chromosomes are shown in dashed box or by arrowhead respectively. Scale bars, 5µm.