Table 3.
Descriptive data stratified by cigarette consumption.
| Variables | Cigarette consumption change | X 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Did not consume | Unchanged a | Increasedb | Decreased c | ||||||
| (N = 2,833) | (N = 34) | (N = 16) | (N = 40) | ||||||
| n | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 563 | 20 | 58.8 | 10 | 62.5 | 32 | 80.0 | 4.22 | |
| Female | 2,279 | 14 | 41.2 | 6 | 37.5 | 8 | 20.0 | ||
| Age | |||||||||
| Early adolescent | 360 | 1 | 2.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 5.0 | 1.33 | |
| Mid adolescent | 625 | 4 | 11.8 | 3 | 18.8 | 6 | 15.0 | ||
| Late adolescent | 1,857 | 29 | 85.3 | 13 | 81.3 | 32 | 80.0 | ||
| Education | |||||||||
| Up to junior high | 880 | 5 | 14.7 | 2 | 12.5 | 8 | 20.0 | 2.16 | |
| High school | 1,765 | 23 | 67.6 | 12 | 75.0 | 29 | 72.5 | ||
| Higher studies | 197 | 6 | 17.6 | 2 | 12.5 | 3 | 7.5 | ||
| Occupation | |||||||||
| Non-university students | 1,621 | 14 | 41.2 | 6 | 37.5 | 23 | 57.5 | 5.09 | |
| University students | 1,122 | 18 | 52.9 | 7 | 43.8 | 13 | 32.5 | ||
| Employed | 97 | 2 | 5.9 | 3 | 18.8 | 4 | 10.0 | ||
| NEETd | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Household monthly income | |||||||||
| Low | 1,018 | 15 | 44.1 | 4 | 25.0 | 12 | 30.0 | 8.54 | |
| Lower middle | 1,258 | 13 | 38.2 | 10 | 62.5 | 16 | 40.0 | ||
| Upper middle | 420 | 5 | 14.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 9 | 22.5 | ||
| High | 146 | 1 | 2.9 | 2 | 12.5 | 3 | 7.5 | ||
| Adults within household | |||||||||
| 0 | 37 | 1 | 2.9 | 1 | 6.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 4.18 | |
| 1–2 | 958 | 8 | 23.5 | 6 | 37.5 | 12 | 30.0 | ||
| 3–5 | 1,587 | 23 | 67.6 | 8 | 50.0 | 25 | 62.5 | ||
| >5 | 260 | 2 | 5.9 | 1 | 6.3 | 3 | 7.5 | ||
| Region | |||||||||
| Implemented PSBBe | 2,421 | 25 | 73.5 | 11 | 68.8 | 33 | 82.5a,b | 17.60*** | |
| Has not implemented PSBBe | 421 | 9 | 26.5 | 5 | 31.3 | 7 | 17.5a,b | ||
| Physical distancing | |||||||||
| Practiced | 2,732 | 33 | 97.1 | 16 | 100.0 | 38 | 95.0 | 0.91 | |
| Did not practice | 110 | 1 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5.0 | ||
| Positive/suspect case in household | |||||||||
| Yes | 98 | 2 | 5.9 | 2 | 12.5 | 1 | 2.5 | 2.19 | |
| No | 2,744 | 32 | 94.1 | 14 | 87.5 | 39 | 97.5 | ||
| PSQI | |||||||||
| Normal | 1,557 | 21 | 61.8 | 10 | 62.5 | 16 | 40.0 | 4.31 | |
| Poor sleep quality | 1,285 | 13 | 38.2 | 6 | 37.5 | 24 | 60.0 | ||
| Emotional problems | |||||||||
| Close to average | 1,618 | 20 | 58.8 | 13 | 81.3 | 21 | 52.5 | 6.26 | |
| Slightly raised | 376 | 2 | 5.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 10.0 | ||
| High | 263 | 5 | 14.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 10.0 | ||
| Very high | 585 | 7 | 20.6 | 3 | 18.8 | 11 | 27.5 | ||
| Conduct problems | |||||||||
| Close to average | 2,564 | 30 | 96.8 | 11 | 100.0 | 33 | 94.3 | 5.85 | |
| Slightly raised | 173 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.9 | ||
| High | 49 | 1 | 3.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Very high | 69 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.9 | ||
| Hyperactivity | |||||||||
| Close to average | 2,162 | 30 | 88.2 | 14 | 87.5 | 34 | 85.0 | 2.87 | |
| Slightly raised | 370 | 4 | 11.8 | 2 | 12.5 | 4 | 10.0 | ||
| High | 207 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 5.0 | ||
| Very high | 103 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Peer problems | |||||||||
| Close to average | 2,359 | 29 | 85.3 | 13 | 81.3 | 28 | 70.0 | 9.45 | |
| Slightly raised | 260 | 2 | 5.9 | 1 | 6.3 | 4 | 10.0 | ||
| High | 166 | 3 | 8.8 | 2 | 12.5 | 2 | 5.0 | ||
| Very high | 57 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 15.0 | ||
| Prosocial behaviors | |||||||||
| Close to average | 254 | 8 | 23.5 | 4 | 25.0 | 6 | 15.0 | 6.21 | |
| Slightly decreased | 167 | 3 | 8.8 | 1 | 6.3 | 5 | 12.5 | ||
| Low | 271 | 6 | 17.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 7.5 | ||
| Very low | 2,150 | 17 | 50.0 | 11 | 68.8 | 26 | 65.0 | ||
a,b,c
Significant difference Bonferroni corrected;
d
not in employment, education, or training;
e
large-scale social distancing;
***
p ≤ 0.001.