Table 3.
Association of the change of cooking fuels during 2011–2014 with 2018 mortality.
| Model | Fuel | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Stable clean fuels | Stable Solid fuels | Switching solid fuels to clean fuels | |
| Cox regression, HR for mortality (95%CI) | |||
| Crude, unadjusted model | Ref. | 1.37 (1.23, 1.53) | 1.38 (1.22, 1.57) |
| Model 1 | Ref. | 1.33 (1.19, 1.49) | 1.22 (1.07, 1.39) |
| Model 2 | Ref. | 1.22 (1.08, 1.38) | 1.10 (0.96, 1.26) |
| Model 3 | Ref. | 1.20 (1.06, 1.37) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28) |
| Model 4 | Ref. | 1.19 (1.04, 1.36) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.31) |
| N event | 488 | 509 | 339 |
| Mortality (per 100 person-year) | 4.71 | 5.07 | 5.42 |
Stable use: persistent use with clean or solid fuels during 2011–2014.
Adjustments: Model 1: Sex, age; Model 2: further adjusted residence, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary diversity score, BMI, marital status, social activity and education; Model 3: further adjusted income, PM 2.5 and city population; Model 4: further adjusted IADL, ADL, MMSE and chronic disease.
Bold represents p < 0.05.