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. 2021 Oct 14;12:750841. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750841

Figure 4.

Figure 4

In DSS-induced colitis, the dysregulated microbiota is responsible for GSDMD activation. (A) Immunoblot analysis of GSDMD expression in whole colons of WT mice treated with or without a cocktail of antibiotics (Abx) at the indicated times during DSS-induced colitis. (B) Real-time PCR analysis of 16S rRNA genes of Enterobacteriaceae or E. coli species in the feces of WT mice at the indicated times in the colitis model (n = 6 or 7/group). (C) Immunoblot analysis of GSDMD expression from whole colons of Abx-treated WT mice, which were given with or without DSS solution or 1010 CFU of E. coli, on Day 6 during DSS-induced colitis. (D) Body weight change of WT or Gsdmd-/- mice treated with or without Abx during the progression of DSS-induced colitis (n = 5/group). (E) Macroscopic view of the representative mouse colon on Day 8 of the colitis model as in (D). (F) Bleeding score and stool score of WT or Gsdmd-/- mice treated with or without Abx on Day 6 of the colitis model as in (D) (n = 5/group). (G) The colon length of WT or Gsdmd-/- mice treated with or without Abx on Day 8 of the colitis model as in (D) (n = 5/group). (H) H&E staining of the representative mouse colon on Day 8 of the colitis model as in (D) (200× magnification). Data are representative of two (A–C) or three (D–H) independent experiments (mean ± SEM in B, D, F, G). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 by Student’s t test.