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. 2021 Oct 14;3:753062. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.753062

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Copyright © 2021 Kimura, Yokozawa and Ozaki.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Illustration of the covariation by randomization (CR) analysis. All variables are randomly shuffled across trials to produce decorrelated data. This procedure allows for removing any correlation between variables within a trial. The decorrelated data are substituted into a forward dynamics model to determine the performance outcome and the standard deviation (SD) after the random shuffle (SD_shuf). If SD_shuf is higher than the variability of the performance outcome for the original data (SD_actu), the coordination between variables is present to reduce the variability of the performance outcome.