Table 2.
Anti-lipidemia drugs and their mechanism with side effects
| Drug | Mechanism | Adverse effects |
|---|---|---|
| Statins | Limiting the cholesterol formation in the liver, inhibition HMG CoA reductase | Gastrointestinal upset, Liver function tests may become deranged, Myalgia, myositis, muscle symptoms |
| Simvastatin, Atorvastatin | ||
| Rosuvastatin | ||
| Bile acid-binding (anion exchange) resins | All cholesterol from bile acids are reabsorbed | Unpalatable taste, texture of the medication, constipation |
| Nicotinic acid and derivatives | Reduce lipolysis and the availability of free fatty acids. | Gastrointestinal disturbance,Vomiting, dyspepsia, headache and dizziness |
| Omega-3 fatty acid | Competitively block triglyceride synthesis | Gastrointestinal disturbance, prolonged bleeding time |
| Mevastatin | Lowers LDL-C concentration | Depression, anxiety, indigestion |
| Lovastatin | Same as above | Headache, rashes, gastrointestinal symptoms |
| Pravastatin | Same as above | Depression, anxiety, alopecia |
| Clofibrate | Lowers serum TG. concentration | Nausea, diarrhoea, arthralgias |
| Gemfibrozil | Lowers plasma TG by 40-55% | Abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhoea |
| Fenofibrate | Lowers plasma LDL-C concentration and rise HDL-C concentration | Nausea, constipation, skin rashes |
| Ciprofibrate | Same as above | Constipation, skin rashes |
| Benzafibrate | Supresses endogenous chol and TG synthesis | Myalgia, diarrhoea, skin rashes |
| Simfibrate | Lowers Chol and TG concentration | Skin rashes, nausea, myalgia |
| Etofibrate | Lowers VLDL and LDL concentration | Flushing |
| Probucol | Lowers plasma Chol by 10-15% | Flatulence, eosinophilia, paresthesia |
| Neomycin | Same as above | Malabsorption diarrhoea |
| β-Sitosterol | Same as above | Laxative effect, vomiting |
| Dextro Thyroxin | Lowers plasma LDL-C concentration | Serious cardiac toxicity |
| Aminosalicylic acid | Same as above | Steatorrhea |
| Tiadenol | Lowers plasma Chol level | Nausea |
| Sorbinicate | Lowers Chol and TG plasma level | Malabsorption |
| Cholestyramin | Binds bile acid resulting Chol catabolism | Nausea, indigestion |
| Colestipol | Lowers plasma LDL-C levels | Nausea, constipation |
This shows a list of anti-lipidemia drugs and their mechanism in fat or cholesterol control at different parts of body using different metabolic chemicals along with drugs side effects.