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. 2021 Oct 14;15:762297. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.762297

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Copyright © 2021 Alghamdi and Alshehri.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with theseterms.

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Effect of melatonin and morphine on CPP score (A). The morphine group showed a higher CPP score compared to the control group and the melatonin group. Melatonin treatment 30 min before morphine (morphine + melatonin group) significantly lowers the CPP score than the morphine alone group. The melatonin group did not show any change in CPP score compared to the control group or the melatonin + morphine group. No changes were observed in total activity count (B), ambulatory count (C), resting time (D), and distance traveled (E). ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. MOR, morphine; MEL, melatonin.