Table 1.
Prediction study review. Review of studies demonstrating regional predictive signal such that either lower or higher estimates of pretreatment metabolism is associated with decrease in depression severity. This table is divided into ‘Hypothesized regions relevant to present prediction study’, which demonstrates outcomes specific to our regions of interest, the insula and vPFC, and ‘Other regions previously indicated as predictive’, which demonstrates the variability in similar past investigations. Abbreviations: Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), prefrontal cortex (PFC), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC).
| Author | N, MDD | Treatment | FDG Outcome Measure | Hypothesized regions relevant to present prediction study | Other regions previously indicated as predictive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insula | vPFC | |||||
| (Mayberg et al., 1997) | 18 | SSRI (n = 13), TCA or Bupropion (n = 5) | Relative cerebral metabolic rate for glucose | Lower | Lower | Lower: DLPFC, premotor cortex Higher: rostral ACC |
| (Brody et al., 1999) | 16 | Paroxetine | Normalized metabolic values | – | – | Lower: left ventral ACC |
| (Milak et al., 2009) | 33 | Paroxetine, followed by either another SSRI alone or in combination with non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor (n = 20),ECT, or an antidepressant other than paroxetine (n = 13) | Relative regional cerebral metabolic rate | – | – | Lower: midbrain including Raphe Nuclei |
| (McGrath et al., 2013) | 63 | CBT (n = 33), Escitalopram (n = 30) | Relative glucose metabolic rates | Lower: insula with CBT. Higher: insula with SSRI. Right anterior insula most robust. | – | – |
| (Buchsbaum et al., 1997) | 17 | Placebo (n = 10), Sertraline (n = 7) | Relative metabolic rate | – | Higher: Sertraline | – |
| (Little et al., 2005) | 20 | Bupropion or Venlafaxine. Crossed over either treatment (n = 14) | Dynamic, Quantitative regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate | Lower | Lower | Lower: left medial PFC, left amygdala and parahippocampal regions |
| (Konarski et al., 2009) | 24 | CBT (n = 12), Venlafaxine (n = 12) | Relative regional glucose metabolism | – | – | Lower: ventral ACC |