Table 2.

intervention components

Factors underpinning IPA in substance using men	COM-B	TDF	Intervention function	BCTs	Translation of BCTs within ADVANCE
1. Respect
Sees himself as the victim Sees himself as unable to make positive changes Believes he will lose male identity if he changes Not believe he has choices	Reflective Motivation	Social Role/Identity Belief about capability Intentions Goals Optimism	Persuasion Education Enablement Modelling Incentivisation	Acknowledge backgrounds Promote positive images Promote self-efficacy Reward positive choices Reward attendance	Information on intergenerational IPA links Boost positive models non-abusing male Work with clients’ strengths Reward positive engagement/attendance: attend as you can Pay incentives rewarding attendance—tied to positive non-abusing goals
Lack understanding of the impact of his behaviour on partner	Reflective Motivation	Belief about consequences	Education Modelling	Demonstrate positive and negative interactions on film	Film demonstrating impact of substance led or controlling (‘protective’) behaviour on partners
2. Self-regulation
Poor behaviour management Poor self-regulation	Physical capability	Behavioural Regulation	Enablement Modelling Incentivisation	Introduce self-management Manage Emotions SMART goals	Films demonstrating how to do it differently Demonstrate distress tolerance Incentives for Attendance
3. Substance use
See substances as controlling his behaviour Fail to inhibit controlling or abusive behaviours	Physical Capability	Physical Skills	Education Enablement	Feedback on substances and behavioural choice Promote behaviour management Distress tolerance	Provide input on range of influences of substances on behaviours: acquisition, intoxication, withdrawal, lifestyle Introduce behavioural strategies to reduce abusive and controlling behaviours
Lack understanding of range of impact of substance use on his thinking and behaviour	Psychological Capability	Knowledge	Education	Provide information on impact of substances on behaviours	Films demonstrating impact of substances via acquisition, intoxication, withdrawal, lifestyle and entitlement on behaviours
Poor ability to challenge Negative automatic thoughts (NATs) Poor perspective taking	Psychological Capability	Memory, attention and decision	Enablement	Advice on cues for conflict Elicit client input	Increase awareness of triggers/cues to relationship conflict Increase self-awareness
	Psychological Capability	Emotion	Persuasion Enablement	Show positive images Work ‘with’ clients’ motivation Highlight strengths	Film of masculinities to challenge Films of doing it differently to enhance motivation Focus on personal goals Develop skills to plan and enact positive relationship behaviours
	Physical opportunity	Context Resources	Enablement Education	Support non abusing partner Identify opportunities to practice	Proactive contact and information and support for non-abusing partner to minimise opportunity for ongoing abuse Value out of session work Provide additional telephone calls to encourage ‘try it out’ Teach positive relationship skills: perspective taking and communication
	Social opportunity	Social influences	Modelling	Demonstrate respectful communication	Show respectful positive communication between facilitators Respectful challenge between facilitators and group members Respect and ground rules in group