TABLE 3.

Established list of constituents identified by US FDA as harmful and potentially harmful constituents and their detection frequency in vaping liquids.

Constituent	CAS RN	Carcinogen (CA), respiratory toxicant (RT), cardiovascular toxicant (CT), reproductive or developmental toxicant (RDT), addictive (AD)	Frequency of detection (%)
Acetaldehyde	75-07-0	CA, RT, AD	1.2
Coumarin	91-64-5	Banned in food	0.6
Ethylbenzene	100-41-4	CA	4.5
Ethylene oxide	75-21-8	CA, RT, RDT	0.5
Methyl ethyl ketone	78-93-3	RT	1.0
Naphthalene	91-20-3	CA, RT	12.2
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)	62-75-9	CA	0.1
Phenol	108-95-2	RT, CT	0.6
Quinoline	91-22-5	CA	0.5
Styrene	100-42-5	CA	0.7