Table 1.
Variable | Correlation | Women | Men | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | N | M | SD | N | M | SD | |
1. COVID-19-related stressors (W5.5) | — | .22** | .19* | .21* | −.30** | −.21* | .25** | −.18* | .32** | .24** | .30** | 191 | 6.81 | 3.12 | 138 | 6.29 | 3.19 |
2. Financial strain (W5) | .16* | — | .16 | .35** | −.19* | −.20* | −.02 | −.15 | .11 | .10 | .17* | 189 | 0.00 | 1.71 | 138 | −0.02 | 1.71 |
3. Racial discrimination (W5) | .24** | .21** | — | .23** | −.03 | −.03 | .08 | −.11 | .25** | .13 | .19* | 190 | 18.64 | 5.67 | 138 | 16.70 | 6.09 |
4. Chronic stress (W5) | .16* | .55** | .19** | — | −.25** | −.17* | .13 | −.14 | .24** | .09 | .13 | 190 | 6.32 | 4.19 | 138 | 5.32 | 4.61 |
5. Marital quality (W5) | −.29** | −.20* | −.20* | −.19* | — | .20* | −.05 | .03 | −.09 | −.20* | −.22* | 129 | 24.22 | 5.89 | 121 | 25.93 | 4.72 |
6. General support from family and friends (W5) | −.02 | −.26** | .01 | −.34** | .09 | — | −.21* | .18* | −.17 | −.05 | −.18* | 181 | 12.04 | 5.60 | 138 | 15.50 | 2.15 |
7. Depression (W5.5) | .40** | .15* | .14 | .22** | −.41** | −.01 | — | −.28** | .52** | .05 | .27** | 188 | 9.28 | 5.74 | 138 | 6.86 | 5.17 |
8. General health (W5.5) | −.20** | −.23** | −.08 | −.29** | .17 | .06 | −.26** | — | −.34** | −.03 | −.22* | 190 | 5.86 | 1.66 | 136 | 5.77 | 1.53 |
9. Sleep problems (W5.5) | .43** | .18* | .23** | .26** | −.28** | .03 | .60** | −.34** | — | .22* | .32** | 190 | 14.92 | 4.36 | 137 | 12.89 | 4.02 |
10. Overall daily impact from COVID-19 (W5.5) | .28** | .07 | .16* | .11 | −.19* | .02 | .31** | −.26** | .31** | — | .68** | 191 | 5.37 | 1.59 | 138 | 5.07 | 1.85 |
11. Overall stress due to COVID-19 (W5.5) | .21** | −.08 | .15* | .08 | −.18* | .08 | .36** | −.31** | .37** | .55** | — | 191 | 5.25 | 1.65 | 138 | 4.72 | 1.90 |
Note: The r values for women are below the diagonal, and the r values for men are above the diagonal. W5 was before the pandemic; W5.5 was after the onset of the pandemic. These findings address Research Questions 2 through 4. W5 = Wave 5; W5.5 = Wave 5.5.
p < .05 (two-tailed). **p < .01 (two-tailed).