Table 1.
Studies on bone resorption markers.
| Marker | Reference | Sample location | Sample size (N) | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NTx and CTx | Jablonka et al. (105) | Serum | 181 | Serum NTx levels were significantly higher in patients with solid tumor and bone metastasis (BM) than in those without BM and in normal controls. |
| Kaira et al. (106) | Urine | 30 | In 30 patients, the median NTx levels at 1 month after one cycle of chemotherapy were significantly lower than those at baseline (p=0.0016). | |
| Bayrak et al. (107) | Serum | 65 | At the threshold value of 25.69 nmol BCE, the sensitivity of BM diagnosis of NTx was 90.24% and the specificity was 43.4%. | |
| Huang et al. (108) | Serum | 1,720 | NTx was significantly lower among patients with BM than those without BM. | |
| Zhang et al. (106) | Serum | 1,279 | There was a significant relationship between serum NTx concentration and BM from solid tumors in the Chinese population. | |
| I-CTP | Yokoyama et al. (34) | Serum | 87 | I-CTP was significantly higher in patients with BM than those without BM. The most efficient cut-off value for I-CTP computed in this study was 6.4 ng/ml. |
| Charpko et al. (36) | Serum | 60 | The levels of bone pathological degradation (I-CTP) and bone formation reflected the extent of metastatic disease in bone measured by 99mTc-MDP scans. | |
| Kong et al. (37) | Serum | 126 | The levels of both β-CTX and I-CTP were significantly higher in lung cancer patients with BM (both p<0.001) and ICTP had a better sensitivity and accuracy than β-CTX. | |
| Tanaka et al. (35) | Serum | 143 | The rate of distant metastasis was significantly higher in patients with elevated preoperative serum I-CTP levels than those with normal preoperative I-CTP levels (≤4.5 ng/ml) (p<0.0001) | |
| TRACP-5b | Ebert et al. (41) | Serum/urine | 146 | There was no significant difference in TRACP-5b activity between lung cancer patients with BM versus those without. Power as a diagnostic marker is low. Does not correlate with the extent of BM. |
| Terpos et al. (43) | Serum | 79 | Elevated TRACP-5b at diagnosis increased the risk of disease progression. | |
| Karapanagiotou et al. (42) | Serum | 68 | There was no significant difference between patients with lung cancer with or without BM and the control group. | |
| Tang et al. (33) | Serum | 265 | The TRACP-5b value was higher in patients with BM than those without BM (p<0.0001). | |
| PYD, D-PYD | Ebert et al. (41) | Serum | 150 | PYD and D-PYD were higher (p<0.01–0.05) in patients with BM. The sensitivity (specificity) values were 91.8% (24.1%) and 83.7% (34.5%) for PYD and D-PYD, respectively. |
| Dane et al. (46) | Urine | 60 | The high urinary levels of D-PYD may be an early sign of metastases in patients without BM assessed by scintigraphic techniques. | |
| PTHrP | Katseli et al. (49) | Circulating tumor cells | 125 | PTHrP mRNA detection correlated positively with lung cancer stage, presence of BM, and squamous cell carcinoma. |
AUC, area under the curve; BCE, bone collagen equivalents; β-CTX, beta-type collagen carboxy-terminal peptide; CTx, C-terminal telopeptide; D-PYD, deoxypyridinoline; I-CTP, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; NTx, N-terminal telopeptide; TRACP-5b, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform-5b; PTHrP, parathyroid hormone related peptide; PYD, pyridinoline.