FIGURE 4.

Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 and Trichoderma atroviride SC1 attenuates induced differential expression of defense-related genes in leaves of Chardonnay rootlings before and after pathogen challenge. Twenty-week-old rootlings untreated or pretreated with PTA-271 or SC1 or both were further infected with sterile PDA plugs (Control, Bs, Ta, and Bs + Ta, respectively) or with mycelium plugs of Np (Ctl + Np, Bs + Np, Ta + Np, and Bs + Ta + Np, respectively). Transcript levels of defense-related genes monitored by qRT-PCR in plant leaves after 4 days of inoculation. Uninfected control was considered as the reference sample (1× expression level). Data are the means from three representative replicates among five showing the same trends. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences between the treatments (ANOVA, Fisher’s LSD post hoc test, α = 0.1). Legends for genes are as in Figure 2.