Table 2. Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Metals and Atopic Dermatitis in Children^a.

Maternal urinary metal levels, μg/g creatinineb	Fully adjusted model, OR (95% CI)c	P value	Q value
Estimated total inorganic arsenicd	2.42 (1.33-4.39)	.003	0.01
Cadmium	1.24 (0.91-1.69)	.18	0.27
Lead	1.00 (0.74-1.34)	.99	0.99
Cobalt	1.00 (0.77-1.29)	.97	0.97
Copper	0.96 (0.63-1.46)	.85	0.85
Nickel	0.90 (0.77-1.06)	.22	0.27
Thallium	0.98 (0.65-1.48)	.93	0.93
Zinc	0.91 (0.68-1.24)	.56	0.59

Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.

^aResults of logistic regression analysis comprising 370 participants.

^bThe concentrations of metals were log₂-transformed.

^cAdjusted for child’s sex (male or female), parental allergies (yes or no), geographic area (central or eastern), exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy (yes or no; 44 missing values), exposure to tobacco smoke at age 4 years (yes or no), and maternal educational level (≤12 years, 13-16 years, or >16 years).

^dCalculated as the sum of 21.35241 and 0.14493 multiplied by the arsenic level.