Table 2.
Descriptive statistics in the full sample and by condition (N=54).
| Variable | Total sample (N=54) | MIND (n=27) | MIND+ (n=27) | Comparisons | ||
| Sex (female), n (%) | 40 (74) | 18 (67) | 22 (81) | X21=1.5; P=.21; φa=0.17 | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 23.53 (3.17) | 23.77 (3.72) | 23.29 (2.56) | t52=0.55; P=.58; Cohen d=0.15 | ||
| Mindfulness experience, n (%) | X22=3.2; P=.20; Cramer V=0.24 | |||||
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Previously practiced | 4 (7) | 2 (7) | 2 (7) |
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|
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Currently practice | 3 (6) | 3 (11) | 0 |
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|
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Never practiced | 47 (87) | 22 (81) | 25 (93) |
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|
| English language competence, n (%) | X22=4.6; P=.10; Cramer V=0.29 | |||||
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|
CETb level 4 | 7 (13) | 6 (22) | 1 (4) |
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CET level 6 | 38 (70) | 16 (59) | 22 (81) |
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|
|
TOEFLc or IELTSd | 9 (17) | 5 (19) | 4 (15) |
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| Patient Health Questionnaire-9, mean (SD) | ||||||
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Pretreatment | 10.63 (5.0) | 9.70 (4.7) | 11.56 (5.3) | t52=−1.38; P=.17; Cohen d=−0.37 | |
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Posttreatment | 7.11 (4.8) | 7.42 (5.4) | 6.78 (4.2) | t45=0.45; P=.65; Cohen d=0.13 | |
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Pre-to-post change | −3.23 (5.29) | −2.38 (5.08) | −4.13 (5.46) | t45=1.14; P=.26; Cohen d=0.33 | |
| 7-item General Anxiety Disorder, mean (SD) | ||||||
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Pretreatment | 8.65 (4.1) | 8.33 (4.0) | 8.96 (4.2) | t52=−0.57; P=.57; Cohen d=−0.15 | |
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Posttreatment | 5.96 (4.2) | 5.83 (3.3) | 6.09 (5.1) | t45=−0.21; P=.83; Cohen d=−0.06 | |
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Pre-to-post change | −2.77 (3.97) | −2.62 (3.69) | −2.91 (4.32) | t45=−0.25; P=.80; Cohen d=−0.07 | |
| DASS-21e depression, mean (SD) | ||||||
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Pretreatment | 6.45 (3.8) | 5.73 (2.8) | 7.15 (4.6) | t52=−1.39; P=.17; Cohen d=−0.38 | |
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Posttreatment | 3.96 (3.0) | 3.79 (3.0) | 4.13 (3.1) | t45=−0.38; P=.70; Cohen d=−0.11 | |
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Pre-to-post change | −2.40 (3.84) | −2.62 (3.69) | −2.87 (4.32) | t45=0.83; P=.41; Cohen d=0.24 | |
| DASS-21 anxiety, mean (SD) | ||||||
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Pretreatment | 6.38 (3.2) | 6.19 (3.1) | 6.56 (3.4) | t52=−0.42; P=.57; Cohen d=−0.11 | |
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Posttreatment | 4.72 (2.7) | 4.79 (3.0) | 4.65 (2.3) | t45=0.18; P=.86; Cohen d=0.05 | |
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Pre-to-post change | −1.47 (3.44) | −1.29 (3.26) | −1.65 (3.22) | t45=0.36; P=.72; Cohen d=0.10 | |
| DASS-21 stress, mean (SD) | ||||||
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Pretreatment | 8.91 (3.4) | 8.31 (3.5) | 9.48 (3.3) | t52=−1.27; P=.21; Cohen d=−0.35 | |
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Posttreatment | 6.70 (3.6) | 6.33 (2.9) | 7.09 (4.3) | t45=−0.71; P=.48; Cohen d=−0.21 | |
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Pre-to-post change | −2.17 (3.79) | −2.0 (3.78) | −2.34 (3.86) | t45=0.31; P=.76; Cohen d=0.09 | |
| Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire, mean (SD) | ||||||
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Pretreatment | 115.46 (10.3) | 116.27 (8.9) | 114.65 (11.6) | t52=−0.57; P=.57; Cohen d=0.16 | |
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Posttreatment | 119.96 (14.8) | 121.63 (12.8) | 118.22 (16.7) | t45=0.79; P=.44; Cohen d=0.23 | |
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Pre-to-post change | 4.87 (13.18) | 6.04 (9.84) | 3.59 (16.21) | t44=0.63; P=.53; Cohen d=0.18 | |
| Completed course, n (%) | 23 (43) | 7 (26) | 16 (59) | X21=6.1; P=.01; φ=0.34 | ||
| Percentage of course completion, mean (SD) | 61.66 (39.37) | 50.74 (37.40) | 72.59 (38.88) | t52=2.10; P=.04; Cohen d=−0.57 | ||
| Number of log-ins, mean (SD) | 15.72 (12.35) | 13.92 (9.30) | 17.51 (12.39) | t52=−1.07; P=.28; Cohen d=−0.33 | ||
aφ=phi coefficient (ie, mean square contingency coefficient).
bCET: College English Test.
cTOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language.
dIELTS: International English Language Testing System.
eDASS-21: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale.